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Method and an apparatus for PID controller tuning

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TLDR
In this article, a method for tuning P-, I-and D-type controller which is used in combination or individually to control a variable y of a process in a feedback system, which comprises making the integrating (I) and derivative (D) unit of the controller inoperative, increasing the proportional control gain K until a desired oscillation is obtained, calculating the ultimate gain Ku and ultimate period Tu in accordance with the amplitude and period measured from the oscillation, and setting the parameters of the PID controller in dependence upon the Ku and Tu values, wherein the control signal U resulting from
Abstract
A method for tuning P-, I- and D-type controller which is used in combination or individually to control a variable y of a process in a feedback system, which comprises making the integrating (I) and derivative (D) unit of the controller inoperative; increasing the proportional control gain K until a desired oscillation is obtained; calculating the ultimate gain Ku and ultimate period Tu in accordance with the amplitude and period measured from the oscillation; and setting the parameters of the PID controller in dependence upon the Ku and Tu values, wherein the control signal U resulting from the controller gain K is restricted to a range from a lower limit Umin to an upper limit Umax to avoid the system being operated in an unstable condition. An apparatus suitable for performing the present method is also disclosed.

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Citations
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References
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Patent

A method and an apparatus in tuning a pid-regulator

TL;DR: In this article, a self-oscaling PID-type regulator is proposed for measuring the amplitude and frequency of the oscillation and tuning the regulator in dependence of the measurements obtained.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors self-tuned a Proportional Integral-Derivative Controller (PIC) for controlling at least one load characteristic to a predetermined setpoint from calculated values of the PIC, ITC and Derivative Time Constant (DTC) by applying power to the load, establishing a cutoff point to remove power to load, determining the slope of a measured value of the at least 1 load characteristic and starting an integral time counter upon detection of the power cut-off point.
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