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Methods for the production of ammonia from urea and/or biuret, and uses for NOx and/or particulate matter removal

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TLDR
In this article, the authors describe a method for generating ammonia from urea based on the hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of urea and/or biuret by heating under pressure.
Abstract
This patent describes technology for generating ammonia from urea. The method is based on the hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of urea and/or biuret by heating under pressure to form a mixture of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. The gas mixtures produced are useful for supplying ammonia at controlled pressure and rate of flow for many industrial applications without the risks and hazards associated with the transportation and on-site storage of ammonia, thereby providing a significant safety advantage over present industrial practice.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Urea electrolysis: direct hydrogen production from urine

TL;DR: A new technology has been developed that accomplishes the direct conversion of urine and urea to pure hydrogen via electrochemical oxidation with an inexpensive nickel catalyst.
Patent

Ultra cleaning of combustion gas including the removal of CO2

Eli Gal
TL;DR: In this article, the CO2 is captured from the cooled and clean flue gas in a CO2 absorber (134) utilizing an ammoniated solution or slurry in the NH3-CO2-H2O system.
Patent

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx enabled by sidestream urea decomposition

TL;DR: In this article, the enthalpy of the flue gas was used to convert urea into ammonia for SCR, and a cyclonic separator can be used to remove particulates and completely mix the reagent and flue gases.
Patent

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx enabled by urea decomposition in heat-exchanger bypass

TL;DR: In this paper, a process and apparatus for selective catalytic reduction of NO x is described, which is enabled by bypassing a heat exchanger section, such as an economizer, of the boiler in advance of an SCR unit at low load conditions to enable NO x reduction even at low loads using urea instead of ammonia.
Journal ArticleDOI

Kinetic studies on hydrolysis of urea in a semi-batch reactor at atmospheric pressure for safe use of ammonia in a power plant for flue gas conditioning.

TL;DR: The study reveals that conversion increases exponentially with an increase in temperature and feed concentration, and the effect of stirring speed, temperature and concentration on conversion has been studied.
References
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Patent

Method for the reduction of the concentration of no in combustion effluents using ammonia

TL;DR: In this paper, a method for reducing the concentration of NO from combustion effluents is proposed, which involves the step of contacting an effluent stream containing NO contamination with a sufficient amount of ammonia in the presence of O2 and at a sufficient temperature to selectively reduce the NO concentration.
Patent

Process and device for selective catalytic NOx reduction in exhaust gases containing oxygen

TL;DR: In this article, it is proposed to spray urea solution finely from a container onto a heated vaporiser/catalyst and, if necessary, to carry out an aftertreatment by means of a downstream hydrolysis catalyst.
Patent

Method for converting urea to ammonia

TL;DR: In this article, a method for reducing NOx in a combustion exhaust gas stream from a boiler is described, which includes the steps of converting an aqueous solution of urea to ammonia by heating the urea solution to a temperature of 350°-650° F. in an injection lance system.
Patent

Process for the in-line hydrolysis of urea

TL;DR: In this paper, a process for the in-line hydrolysis of urea is described, which is useful for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in combustion effluents without the generation of substantial amounts of nitrous oxide.
Patent

Reduction of nitrogen oxides with catalytic acid resistant aluminosilicate molecular sieves and ammonia

TL;DR: In this paper, a zeolite catalyst was used to catalytically reduce nitrogen oxides in a waste gas stream such as the stack gas from a fossil-fuel-fired power generation plant or other industrial plant off-gas stream.
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