Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave Sintering of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Materials: I, Zirconia‐8 mol% Yttria
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In this paper, the microwave sintering of zirconia demonstrates the necessity to understand both the materials and electromagnetic field aspects of microwave processing and demonstrates that the resulting grain size was finer.Abstract:
This paper reports that the successful microwave sintering of zirconia demonstrates the necessity to understand both the materials and electromagnetic field aspects of microwave processing. It was difficult to produce crack-free parts in the multimode microwave furnace employed in this investigation. Nonuniformities in the microwave field, and dielectric properties that increased rapidly with temperature, produced hot spots in the parts, which led to differential sintering and subsequent cracking. To produce crack-free sintered parts, an indirect heating method was developed that eliminated the severe differential heating. Using this indirect heating method, it was demonstrated that the sintering temperature of zirconia could be lowered from 1375{degrees} to 1200{degrees}C by microwave processing and that the resulting grain size was finer.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave processing: fundamentals and applications
Erik T. Thostenson,Tsu-Wei Chou +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamentals of electromagnetic theory, dielectric response, and applications of microwave heating to materials processing, especially fiber composites, are reviewed in this article, and a knowledge of electromagnetic theories and dielectrics is essential to optimize the processing of materials through microwave heating.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave versus conventional sintering: A review of fundamentals, advantages and applications
Morteza Oghbaei,Omid Mirzaee +1 more
TL;DR: Microwave sintering has emerged as a new method for sinterding a variety of materials that has shown significant advantages against conventional sinterging procedures as mentioned in this paper. But microwave sinterings are not suitable for all materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave–material interaction phenomena: Heating mechanisms, challenges and opportunities in material processing
TL;DR: In this paper, most of the significant phenomena that cause heating during microwave-material interaction and heat transfer during microwave energy absorption in materials are discussed. But, the mechanisms associated with the processing are less understood; popular mechanisms such as dipolar heating and conduction heating have been mostly explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave Processing of Materials and Applications in Manufacturing Industries: A Review
TL;DR: In this article, the main focused aim of developing new processing and manufacturing technologies are to reduce production or manufacturing costs, processing times, and to enhance manufactured product properties, and the developed processing techniques should be widely acceptable for all types of materials including metal matrix composites, ceramics, alloys, and fiber reinforced plastics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Externally Imposed and Internally Generated Electrical Fields on Grain Growth, Diffusional Creep, Sintering and Related Phenomena in Ceramics
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of electrical and electromagnetic fields on grain boundary energetics and kinetics is unmistakable, and the fundamental mechanisms of these electrical interactions are discussed in the following ways: (i) dielectric loss and Joule heating in the crystal and at the grain boundary, (ii) coupling between mechanical stress and the electrochemical potential of charged species, (iii) interaction between applied electrical fields and the intrinsic fields that exist within the space charge layers, (iv) and the possibility of nucleating defect avalanches under electrical fields.
References
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Patent
Method for sintering refractories and an apparatus therefor
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for sintering refractories comprising adding 0.05 to 10% by weight of an electro-conductive particles to a group of dielectric refractory particles to obtain a mixture thereof, and heating the mixture by means of microwave induction heating to sinter the refractions.
ReportDOI
Assessment of Research Needs for Advanced Fuel Cells
TL;DR: The DOE Advanced Fuel Cell Working Group (AFCWG) was formed and asked to perform a scientific evaluation of the current status of fuel cells, with emphasis on identification of long-range research that may have a significant impact on the practical utilization of fuel cell in a variety of applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microwave sintering of some oxide materials using sintering aids
TL;DR: Etude du frittage de poudres de zircone stabilisee par CaO ou ou Y 2 O 3, de Y 2 o 3 et de Al O 3 in presence de divers additifs.
Patent
Method of improving the susceptibility of a material to microwave energy heating
TL;DR: In this paper, the susceptibility of a material to heating by exposure to microwave energy is improved by mixing it in granular form with a micro-ave reactive agent also in granularity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Importance of “casketing” for microwave sintering of materials
Cressie E. Holcombe,N. L. Dykes +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of isolant place au voisinage de l'echantillon a fritter et qui absorbe la chaleur en premier lors du frittage des ceramiques par micro-ondes.