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Journal ArticleDOI

Morphology of the Male Genitalia of Lepidoptera I. Ditrysia

S.J.R. Birket-Smith
- 01 Jan 1974 - 
- Vol. 5, Iss: 1, pp 1-22
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TLDR
From the literature on onthogenesis it is concluded, that male genitalia with two pairs of appendices must be considered primitive and morphologically must be distinguished between two types of intromittant organ, or phallos, viz. aedoeagus and pseudaedoeagus.
Abstract
From the literature on onthogenesis it is concluded, that male genitalia with two pairs of appendices must be considered primitive. The male genitalia of a number of species from three families (Cossidae, Saturniidae, Brahmaeidae) in which the male genitalia comprise two pair of appendices, valvae and valvellae, were dissected. The results are compared to earlier studies of species of Lithosiinae (Arctidae). It is concluded, that morphologically must be distinguished between two types of intromittant organ, or phallos, viz. aedoeagus and pseudaedoeagus.

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The evolution of asymmetric genitalia in spiders and insects

TL;DR: This review is an attempt to focus attention on this promising but neglected topic by summarizing what the authors know about insect genital asymmetries, and by contrasting this with the situation in spiders, a group in which genitalymmetries are rare.
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The Australian moth family Lophocoronidae and the basal phylogeny of the Lepidoptera – Glossata

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The female abdomen of the viviparous earwig Hemimerus vosseleri (Insecta: Dermaptera: Hemimeridae), with a discussion of the postgenital abdomen of Insecta

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Advances and problems in insect phylogeny

TL;DR: The insects were one of the first groups whose relationships were investigated using the theory and methods of phylogenetic systematics and the cladogram shows numerous doubtful or weakly supported sister group relationships.
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