Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple identities: Examining gender and marital status differences in distress.
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This paper examined the mental health advantage of married and unmarried men relative to comparable women as a function of multiple role occupancy and found that men and women appear to experience equivalent levels of distress when they hold the same numbers and types of roles.Abstract:
Based upon assumptions that the social self is comprised of major role-identities and that role-identities reduce psychological distress, this paper examines the mental health advantage of married and unmarried men relative to comparable women as a function of multiple-role occupancy. Panel data from surveys of!, 106 adult heads of household in Chicago and 720 adults in New Haven are utilized. Possession of multiple role-identities (up to 6 in Chicago, 8 in New Haven) does significantly reduce distress in both samples. But identity summation does not consistently reduce gender or gender by marital status differences in distress. Further exploration revealed that men and women appear to experience equivalent levels of distress when they hold the same numbers and types of roles. When sex differences do occur, they appear to be a function of employment rather than of marriage, contrary to popular belief. Although structural inequalities in role occupancy appear to produce status differences in distress, future research will require deliberately stratified samples to adequately test this hypothesis.read more
Citations
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Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health.
TL;DR: It is argued that there are two broad types of support, emotional sustenance and active coping assistance, and two broad categories of supporters, significant others and experientially similar others, who specialize in supplying different types ofSupport to distressed individuals.
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Identity processes and social stress
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a model of the relationship between stress and identity, and show that in a variety of situations known to produce stress, stress results from a common mechanism: disruption of the identity process.
Journal ArticleDOI
Women, men, work, and family. An expansionist theory.
TL;DR: The authors attempt to fill this theoretical gap by reviewing the research literature and articulating an expansionist theory of gender, work, and family that includes four empirically derived and empirically testable principles better matched to today's realities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Classifying Managerial Responses to Multiple Organizational Identities
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the phenomenon of multiple organizational identities and suggest that they can be managed in organizations by changing the number of (identity plurality) or relationships among the identities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cross-National Associations Between Gender and Mental Disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
Soraya Seedat,Kate M. Scott,Matthias C. Angermeyer,Patricia A. Berglund,Evelyn J. Bromet,Traolach S. Brugha,Koen Demyttenaere,Giovanni de Girolamo,Josep Maria Haro,Robert Jin,Elie G. Karam,Viviane Kovess-Masfety,Daphna Levinson,Maria Elena Medina Mora,Yutaka Ono,Johan Ormel,B. E. Pennell,Jose Posada-Villa,Nancy A. Sampson,David R. Williams,Ronald C. Kessler +20 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a more direct test of the gender roles hypothesis by analyzing community epidemiological data collected from respondents surveyed in 15 countries as part of the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The stress process.
TL;DR: This study takes involuntary job disruptions as illustrating life events and shows how they adversely affect enduring role strains, economic strains in particular, which erode positive concepts of self, such as self-esteem and mastery.
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A theory of role strain.
TL;DR: I believe, however, that the theory of action in its present state provides methods for successfully carrying out this specification, and conversely, generalization as well from lower-level uniformities to higher levels.
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Toward a theory of role accumulation
TL;DR: The assumption that multiplicity of roles produces a strong tendency toward role strain as a consequence of role conflict or role overload is disputed by as discussed by the authors, who argue that the benefits of role accumulation tend to outweigh any stress to which it might give rise, thereby yielding net gratification.