Journal ArticleDOI
Neighborhood mechanisms and the spatial dynamics of birth weight.
TLDR
The theoretical understanding and empirical estimation of “neighborhood effects” on health are bolstered by collecting data on more causally proximate social processes and by taking into account spatial interdependencies among neighborhoods.Abstract:
This study addresses two questions about why neighborhood contexts matter for individuals via a multilevel, spatial analysis of birth weight for 101,662 live births within 342 Chicago neighborhoods. First, what are the mechanisms through which neighborhood structural composition is related to health? The results show that mechanisms related to stress and adaptation (violent crime, reciprocal exchange and participation in local voluntary associations) are the most robust neighborhood‐level predictors of birth weight. Second, are contextual influences on health limited to the immediate neighborhood or do they extend to a wider geographic context? The results show that contextual effects on birth weight extend to the social environment beyond the immediate neighborhood, even after adjusting for potentially confounding covariates. These findings suggest that the theoretical understanding and empirical estimation of “neighborhood effects” on health are bolstered by collecting data on more causally proximate so...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Neighborhoods and health.
Ana V. Diez Roux,Christina Mair +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter summarizes key work in this area with a particular focus on chronic disease outcomes (specifically obesity and related risk factors) and mental health ( specifically depression and depressive symptoms) and empirical work is classified into two main eras.
Journal ArticleDOI
Socioeconomic Disparities in Health in the United States: What the Patterns Tell Us
TL;DR: Health in the United States is often, though not invariably, patterned strongly along both socioeconomic and racial/ethnic lines, suggesting links between hierarchies of social advantage and health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding and representing place in health research a relational approach
TL;DR: It is argued that research in place and health should avoid the false dualism of context and composition by recognising that there is a mutually reinforcing and reciprocal relationship between people and place.
Reference EntryDOI
The Life Course and Human Development.
TL;DR: The life course paradigm has replaced child-based, growth-oriented (ontogenetic) accounts of the person with models that emphasize the timing, social context, and organization of lives from birth to death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Is Racism a Fundamental Cause of Inequalities in Health
Jo C. Phelan,Bruce G. Link +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that racial inequalities in health endure primarily because racism is a fundamental cause of racial differences in SES and because SES is afundamental cause of health inequalities.
References
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Book
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods
TL;DR: The Logic of Hierarchical Linear Models (LMLM) as discussed by the authors is a general framework for estimating and hypothesis testing for hierarchical linear models, and it has been used in many applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Hierarchical Linear Models in Applications, Applications in Organizational Research, and Applications in the Study of Individual Change Applications in Meta-Analysis and Other Cases Where Level-1 Variances are Known.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology
TL;DR: Social capital has a definite place in sociological theory as mentioned in this paper, and its role in social control, in family support, and in benefits mediated by extra-familial networks, but excessive extensions of the concept may lead to excessive emphasis on positive consequences of sociability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy
TL;DR: Multilevel analyses showed that a measure of collective efficacy yields a high between-neighborhood reliability and is negatively associated with variations in violence, when individual-level characteristics, measurement error, and prior violence are controlled.
Journal ArticleDOI
Local Indicators of Spatial Association—LISA
TL;DR: In this paper, a new general class of local indicators of spatial association (LISA) is proposed, which allow for the decomposition of global indicators, such as Moran's I, into the contribution of each observation.