Journal ArticleDOI
New Insights Into Merkel Cell Carcinoma
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TLDR
Specific attention is given to the clinical and histologic predictors of prognosis, staging, and the controversies concerning sentinel lymph node biopsy and therapy.Abstract:
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare aggressive cutaneous malignancy of the elderly and immunocompromised populations The clinical presentation of MCC is nonspecific, with the majority of cases presenting as localized skin involvement Histologically and immunophenotypically, MCC is defined by both neuroendocrine and epithelial differentiation Recently, the Merkel cell polyomavirus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MCC In addition, there have been numerous studies evaluating the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of MCC as they relate to diagnosis and prognosis The purpose of this paper is to review the most salient and clinically relevant updates in the pathogenesis and histologic features of MCC Specific attention is given to the clinical and histologic predictors of prognosis, staging, and the controversies concerning sentinel lymph node biopsy and therapyread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Merkel cell carcinoma.
Jürgen C. Becker,Andreas Stang,James A. DeCaprio,Lorenzo Cerroni,Céleste Lebbé,Michael J. Veness,Paul Nghiem +6 more
TL;DR: Excision of the tumour is the first-line therapy; if not feasible, radiotherapy can often effectively control the disease, and Chemotherapy was the only alternative in advanced-stage or refractory MCC until several clinical trials demonstrated the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human Skin Microbiota: High Diversity of DNA Viruses Identified on the Human Skin by High Throughput Sequencing
Vincent Foulongne,Virginie Sauvage,Charles Hebert,Olivier Dereure,Justine Cheval,Meriadeg Ar Gouilh,Kevin Pariente,Michel Segondy,Ana Maria Burguiere,Jean-Claude Manuguerra,Valérie Caro,Marc Eloit,Marc Eloit +12 more
TL;DR: The findings support the existence of a complex viral flora present at the surface of healthy-appearing human skin in various individuals and identify new Papillomavirus and Circovirus genomes and confirmed a very low level of genetic diversity within human polyomav virus species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Merkel cell polyomavirus: A newly discovered human virus with oncogenic potential
TL;DR: The likely etiological role of this new polyomavirus in human cancer provides a strong opportunity to expand knowledge of virus-host interactions and viral oncology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Virus-Induced Human Cancer
Yuan Chang,Patrick S. Moore +1 more
TL;DR: This human cancer virus provides a new model in which a common, mostly harmless member of the human viral flora can initiate cancer if it acquires a precise set of mutations in a host with specific susceptibility factors, such as age and immune suppression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identifying the Target Cells and Mechanisms of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection
Wei Liu,Ruifeng Yang,Aimee S. Payne,Rachel M. Schowalter,Megan E. Spurgeon,Paul F. Lambert,Xiaowei Xu,Christopher B. Buck,Jianxin You +8 more
TL;DR: It is discovered that induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes by the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and other growth factors stimulates MCPyV infection, which suggests that MCC risk factors such as UV radiation and aging, which are known to stimulate WNT signaling and MMP expression, may promote viral infection and thus drive MCC.
References
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Book
AJCC Cancer Staging Manual
Mahul B. Amin,Stephen B. Edge,Frederick L. Greene,David R. Byrd,Robert K. Brookland,Mary Kay Washington,Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,Carolyn C. Compton,Kenneth R. Hess,Daniel C. Sullivan,J. Milburn Jessup,James D. Brierley,Lauri E. Gaspar,Richard L. Schilsky,Charles M. Balch,David P. Winchester,Elliot A. Asare,Martin Madera,Donna M. Gress,Laura R. Meyer +19 more
TL;DR: Purposes and Principles of Cancer Staging and End-Results Reporting are explained.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma.
TL;DR: In six of eight MCV-positive MCCs, viral DNA was integrated within the tumor genome in a clonal pattern, suggesting that MCV infection and integration preceded clonal expansion of the tumor cells, and MCV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MCC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine. V. Unitarian Theory of the origin of the four epithelial cell types.
Hazel Cheng,C. P. Leblond +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that crypt-base columnar cells transform into cells of these four types and, therefore, behave as the stem cells of the epithelium and support the Unitarian Theory of epithelial cell formation in the small intestine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Trabecular carcinoma of the skin.
TL;DR: The histological features of these tumors are not sufficiently distinctive to permit differentiation from anaplastic metastatic carcinomas, and familiarity with their existence is of importance in the evaluation of cutaneous malignancy.