Open AccessJournal Article
Nitric oxide (NO) reduction by retorted oil shale
R.W. Taylor,C.J. Morris +1 more
TLDR
In this article, it was shown that the reduction rate of NO appears to be proportional to the partial pressure of NO, and the results can be expressed in terms of a rate constant (k) which is a function of temperature (T, Kelvin).Abstract:
Nitric oxide gas (NO) is effectively reduced by retorted oil shale. At 300/sup 0/C half of the NO in a gas stream is removed when the gas stream contacts a bed of crushed retorted oil shale for 0.4 s. The fraction removed in 0.4 s reaches 90% at a temperature of 375/sup 0/C. As long as the reducing agent, presumed to be char in the retorted shale, is not depleted, the rate of reduction of NO appears to be proportional to the partial pressure of NO, and our results can be expressed in terms of a rate constant (k) which is a function of temperature (T, Kelvin) as follows: k = Ae/sup -//sup E/RT/ (s/sup -1/), where A = 4.0 x 10/sup 5/ (s/sup -1/) and E = 59.7 kJ/mole. This rate is many times faster than the rate of reduction of NO by coal char as measured by Furusawa et al. (1983). The principal reduction reaction is unknown; it does not release CO/sub 2/.read more
Citations
More filters
Patent
Thermal processes for subsurface formations
Harold J. Vinegar,Peter Veenstra,Steven Paul Giles,Chester Ledlie Sandberg,Frederick Henry Kreisler Rambow,Christopher Kelvin Harris,Lanny Gene Schoeling,Mark Gregory Picha,Etuan Zhang,Gary Lee Beer,Frederick Gordon Carl,Taixu Bai,Dong Sub Kim,Fairbanks Michael David,Sanz Guillermo Pastor +14 more
TL;DR: A process may include providing heat from one or more heaters to at least a portion of a subsurface formation as discussed by the authors, which is referred to as pyrolyzing.
Patent
In situ thermal processing of a relatively impermeable formation to increase permeability of the formation
Eric Pierre de Rouffignac,Ilya Emil Berchenko,Thomas David Fowler,Robert Charles Ryan,Gordon Thomas Shahin,George Leo Stegemeier,Harold J. Vinegar,Scott Lee Wellington,Etuan Zhang +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, a method for treating a relatively low permeability formation containing heavy hydrocarbons in situ may include providing heat from one or more heat sources to a portion of the formation.
Patent
In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation using a selected production well spacing
Eric Pierre de Rouffignac,Harold J. Vinegar,Scott Lee Wellington,Gordon Thomas Shahin,Ilya Emil Berchenko,George Leo Stegemeier,Kevin Albert Maher,Etuan Zhang,Thomas David Fowler,Robert Charles Ryan +9 more
Patent
In situ recovery from a hydrocarbon containing formation
Ilya Emil Berchenko,Fred G. Carl,John Matthew Coles,Rouffignac Eric De,Thomas David Fowler,John Michael Karanikas,Charlie R. Keedy,Ajay Madhav Madgavkar,Kevin Albert Maher,James Louis Menotti,Robert Charles Ryan,Lanny Gene Schoeling,Gordon Thomas Shahin,George Leo Stegemeier,Robert Martijn Van Hardeveld,Harold J. Vinegar,Scott Lee Wellington,Etuan Zhang,John Michael Karanikas,Bruce Gerard Hunsucker,Meliha Deniz Sumnu-Dindoruk,Lawrence James Bielamowicz,Phillip Temmons Baxley +22 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an in situ process for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation is provided, which includes providing heat from one or more heaters to at least a portion of the formation.
Patent
In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation to produce a hydrocarbon condensate
Scott Lee Wellington,Harold J. Vinegar,Eric Pierre de Rouffignac,Gordon Thomas Shahin,John Michael Karanikas,Ilya Emil Berchenko,George Leo Stegemeier,Etuan Zhang,Thomas David Fowler,Robert Charles Ryan +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, a hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process using heat input into the formation to raise a temperature of the formation at a selected rate.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of the NOcarbon reaction at fluidized bed combustor conditions
TL;DR: In this article, the reduction of NO by carbonaceous solid has been studied in a packed bed reactor, and the reaction rate per unit total surface area is found to be first order in NO, to have an apparent activation energy of 44 kcal/mole for temperatures higher than 873K, enhanced by the presence of CO, and to vary by approximately an order of magnitude between graphite and coal chars.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intrinsic kinetics of the reaction between oxygen and carbonaceous residue in retorted oil shale.
Hong Yong Sohn,Sun K. Kim +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
22 Nox emission control from a fluidized bed combustor of coal: Effects of in situ form char on “NO” reduction
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetic behavior of the reaction in the presence of oxygen was investigated by means of a fixed bed reactor at a temperature of 500-680°C as well as a fluidized bed at a level of 600-800°C.