Book ChapterDOI
Nitroaromatic Munition Compounds: Environmental Effects and Screening Values
Sylvia S. Talmage,Dennis M. Opresko,C. J. Maxwell,C. J. E. Welsh,F. M. Cretella,P. H. Reno,F. B. Daniel +6 more
TLDR
Comparing the occurrence, transport, transformation, and toxicity of eight nitroaromatic munition compounds and their degradation products indicates that the white-footed mouse may be more resistant to the toxic effects of chemicals than the laboratory rat and may further indicate the lesser sensitivity of wildlife species to chemical insult.Abstract:
Nitroaromatic compounds, including 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3, 5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5-tetrazocine (HMX), N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (tetryl), and associated byproducts and degradation products, were released to the environment during manufacturing and load, assembly, and pack (LAP) processes at U.S. Army Ammunition Plants (AAPs) and other military facilities. As a result of the release of these nitroaromatic compounds into the environment, many AAPs have been placed on the National Priorities List for Superfund cleanup (Fed. Reg. 60:20330). Many of these sites cover a wide expanse of relatively undisturbed land and provide diverse habitats that support a variety of aquatic and terrestrial species. Nitroaromatics are potentially toxic to the indigenous species at these sites and present a significant concern for site remediation. Table 1 presents an overview of ranges of detected concentrations of the nitroaromatic compounds in groundwater, surface water, sediment, and soil at military and manufacturing sites.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sensors--an effective approach for the detection of explosives
TL;DR: The objective of this review is to provide comprehensive knowledge and information on the sensors operating on different transduction principles, ranging from electrochemical to immunosensors, being used for the detection of explosives as they pose a threat for both health and security of the nation.
Reference BookDOI
Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives
TL;DR: Introduction, J.C. Spain Strategies for Aerobic Degradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds by Bacteria: Process Discovery to Field Application, S.F. Spain, and Z.E.G. von Low Application and Costs for Biological Treatment of Explosive-Contaminated Soils in the United States, D.L. Woodhull.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial remediation of nitro-aromatic compounds: an overview.
TL;DR: The qualitative and quantitative performance of biological approaches of remediation is undergoing improvement due to knowledge of catabolic pathways of degradation, optimization of various parameters for accelerated degradation, and design of microbe through molecular biology tools, capable of detoxifying nitro-aromatic pollutants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of metabolites during biodegradation of hexahydro-1, 3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) with municipal anaerobic sludge.
Jalal Hawari,Annamaria Halasz,Tamara W. Sheremata,Sylvie Beaudet,Carl A. Groom,Louise Paquet,Chakib Rhofir,Guy Ampleman,Sonia Thiboutot +8 more
TL;DR: The biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-2,2,3-dinitroso-5-nitro- 1, 3, 5-triazine in liquid cultures with municipal anaerobic sludge showed that at least two degradation routes were involved in the disappearance of the cyclic nitramine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodegradation of Nitro-Substituted Explosives 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene, Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine, and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5-Tetrazocine by a Phytosymbiotic Methylobacterium sp. Associated with Poplar Tissues (Populus deltoides × nigra DN34)
TL;DR: A pink-pigmented symbiotic bacterium was isolated from hybrid poplar tissues (Populus deltoides × nigra DN34) and was identified by 16S and 16S-23S intergenic spacer ribosomal DNA analysis as a Methylobacterium sp. (strain BJ001) as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Book
Substituent constants for correlation analysis in chemistry and biology
Corwin Hansch,Albert J. Leo +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the book is the window to get in the world and you can open the world easily, and these wise words are really familiar with you, so bring home now the book enPDFd substituent constants for correlation analysis in chemistry and biology to be your sources when going to read.
Journal ArticleDOI
Technical basis for establishing sediment quality criteria for nonionic organic chemicals using equilibrium partitioning
Dominic M. Di Toro,Christopher S. Zarba,David J. Hansen,Walter J. Berry,Richard C. Swartz,Christina E. Cowan,Spyros P. Pavlou,Herbert E. Allen,Nelson A. Thomas,Paul R. Paquin +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the technical basis for establishing sediment quality criteria using equilibrium partitioning (EqP), which is chosen because it addresses the two principal technical issues that must be resolved: the varying bioavailability of chemicals in sediments and the choice of the appropriate biological effects concentration.
Integrated risk information system (IRIS)
TL;DR: The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is a human health assessment program that evaluates quantitative and qualitative risk information on effects that may result from exposure to environmental contaminants.
Book
Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology
TL;DR: Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology, industrial hygiene as mentioned in this paper, industrial hygiene, toxicology and industrial hygiene, Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Industrial hygiene, and toxicity.