Journal ArticleDOI
Non-byzantine clock synchronization—a programming experiment
TLDR
Remote procedure call models, dataflow models, and systolic array models are essentially using the functional programming approach to programming a distributed system.Abstract:
Introduction. Much of the work on distributed systems uses a functional programming paradigm. Thus each node behaves as a function, receiving an argument in a message, computing the value of the function depending on that argument, and either returning the resulting value to the original message sender, or forwarding it to another node. In particular remote procedure call models, dataflow models, and systolic array models are essentially using the functional programming approach to programming a distributed system.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Internet time synchronization: the network time protocol
TL;DR: The NTP synchronization system is described, along with performance data which show that timekeeping accuracy throughout most portions of the Internet can be ordinarily maintained to within a few milliseconds, even in cases of failure or disruption of clocks, time servers, or networks.
Network Time Protocol (Version 3) Specification, Implementation and Analysis
TL;DR: This document describes the Network Time Protocol (NTP), specifies its formal structure and summarizes information useful for its implementation and describes the methods used for their implementation.
Patent
System and method for synchronizing clocks in distributed computer nodes
TL;DR: In this paper, a distributed computer system with a plurality of computer nodes arranged logically adjacent to each other in a communications ring is described, where each computer node receives communications from a preceding computer node and sends communications to a succeeding computer node.
Journal ArticleDOI
A brief history of NTP time: memoirs of an Internet timekeeper
TL;DR: The origins and evolution of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) over two decades of continuous operation is traced, including a blend of history lessons, technology milestones and series of experiments that shape, define and record the early history of the Internet and NTP.
Network Time Protocol (version 1) specification and implementation
TL;DR: The prototype system, which has been in regular operation in the Internet for the last two years, is described in an Appendix along with performance data which shows that timekeeping accuracy throughout most portions of the Internet can be ordinarily maintained to within a few tens of milliseconds, even in cases of failure or disruption of clocks, time servers or nets.
References
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Book
Winning Ways for your Mathematical Plays
TL;DR: The winning ways for mathematical games as mentioned in this paper have become the definitive work on the subject of mathematical games, and the Second Edition retains the original's wealth of wit and wisdom, blended with their witty and irreverent style, make reading a profitable pleasure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimal clock synchronization
T. K. Srikanth,Sam Toueg +1 more
TL;DR: This is the first known solution that achieves optimal accuracy—the accuracy of synchronized clocks (with respect to real time) is as good as that specified for the underlying hardware clocks.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A new fault-tolerant algorithm for clock synchronization
Jennifer Lundelius,Nancy Lynch +1 more
TL;DR: A new fault-tolerant algorithm for solving a variant of Lamport's clock synchronization problem for a system of distributed processes that communicate by sending messages, which solves the problem of maintaining closely synchronized local times, assuming that processes' local times are closely synchronized initially.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Optimal clock synchronization
T. K. Srikanth,Sam Toueg +1 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a simple, efficient and unified solution to the problems of synchronizing clocks, initializing these clocks, and integrating new clocks, for both authenticated and nonauthenticated systems with arbitrary failures, and is the first known solution that achieves optimal accuracy.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Fault-tolerant clock synchronization
TL;DR: Two simple efficient distributed algorithms are given: one for keeping clocks in a network synchronized and one for allowing new processors to join the network with their clocks synchronized.