Noncoding sequences from the slowly evolving chloroplast inverted repeat in addition to rbcL data do not support gnetalean affinities of angiosperms.
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Results of phylogenetic analyses provide very strong bootstrap support for monophyly of both spermatophytes and angiosperms and for a basal position for the aquatic angiosperm Nymphaea among angios perms studied was observed.Abstract:
We developed PCR primers against highly conserved regions of the rRNA operon located within the inverted repeat of the chloroplast genome and used these to amplify the region spanning from the 3' terminus of the 23S rRNA gene to the 5' terminus of the 5S rRNA gene. The sequence of this roughly 500-bp region, which includes the 4.5S rRNA gene and two chloroplast intergenic transcribed spacer regions (cpITS2 and cpITS3), was determined from 20 angiosperms, 7 gymnosperms, and 16 ferns (21,700 bp). Sequences for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) from the same or confamilial genera were analyzed in both separate and combined data sets. Due to the low substitution rate in the inverted repeat region, noncoding sequences in the cpITS region are not saturated with substitutions, in contrast to synonymous sites in rbcL, which are shown to evolve roughly six times faster than noncoding cpITS sequences. Several length polymorphisms with very clear phylogenetic distributions were detected in the data set. Results of phylogenetic analyses provide very strong bootstrap support for monophyly of both spermatophytes and angiosperms. No support for a sister group relationship between Gnetales and angiosperms in either cpITS or rbcL data was found. Rather, weak bootstrap support for monophyly of gymnosperms studied and for a basal position for the aquatic angiosperm Nymphaea among angiosperms studied was observed. Noncoding sequences from the inverted repeat region of chloroplast DNA appear suitable for study of land plant evolution.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The major clades of MADS-box genes and their role in the development and evolution of flowering plants.
Annette Becker,Günter Theissen +1 more
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A short history of MADS-box genes in plants.
Günter Theissen,Annette Becker,Alexandra Di Rosa,Akira Kanno,Jan T. Kim,Thomas Münster,Kai Uwe Winter,Heinz Saedler +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the phylogeny of MADS-box genes was strongly correlated with the origin and evolution of plant reproductive structures such as ovules and flowers, and it seems likely that changes in MADs-box gene structure, expression and function have been a major cause for innovations in reproductive development during land plant evolution.
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Phylogeny of seed plants based on all three genomic compartments: Extant gymnosperms are monophyletic and Gnetales' closest relatives are conifers
TL;DR: The molecular phylogeny strongly conflicts with current interpretations of seed plant morphology, and implies that many similarities between gnetophytes and angiosperms were independently derived, whereas other characters could emerge as synapomorphies for an expanded conifer group including Gnetales.
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Seed plant phylogeny inferred from all three plant genomes: Monophyly of extant gymnosperms and origin of Gnetales from conifers
TL;DR: The Gnetales may be viewed as extremely divergent conifers, and the many morphological similarities between angiosperms and G netales arose independently.
Book ChapterDOI
Choosing an Approach and an Appropriate Gene for Phylogenetic Analysis
TL;DR: This chapter provides a general review of the various molecular techniques currently available to the plant systematist and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each and the most appropriate approach for studying a given taxonomic level or type of evolutionary question.
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