On the impact of the Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS) on the biogeochemistry and biology of the Adriatic and Ionian Seas (Eastern Mediterranean)
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TLDR
It is shown that the presence of allochtonous organisms from Atlantic/Western Mediterranean and Eastern Mediterranean/temperate zone in the Adriatic are concurrent with the anticyclonic and cyclonic circulations of the NIG, respectively, and a revision of the theory of AdRIatic ingressions formulated in the early 1950s is proposed.Abstract:
. Analysis of 20-year time-series of the vertically averaged salinity and nutrient data in the Southern Adriatic shows that the two parameters are subject to strong decadal variability. In addition, it is documented that nutrient and salinity variations are out of phase. Nutrients in the Ionian and in the Adriatic vary in parallel except that generally the nutrient content in the Adriatic is lower than in the Ionian, a fact that has been attributed to primary producer consumption following the winter convective mixing. As shown earlier, North Ionian Gyre (NIG) changes its circulation sense on a decadal scale due to the Bimodal Oscillating System, i.e. the feedback mechanism between the Adriatic and Ionian. Cyclonic circulation causes a downwelling of the nitracline along the borders of the NIG and a decrease in the nutrient content of the water flowing into the Adriatic across the Otranto Strait, and vice versa. In addition, the highly oligotrophic central area of the Ionian shows annual blooms only during cyclonic NIG circulation. Inversion of the sense of the NIG results in the advection of Modified Atlantic Water or of the Levantine/Eastern Mediterranean waters in the Adriatic. Here, we show that the presence of allochtonous organisms from Atlantic/Western Mediterranean and Eastern Mediterranean/temperate zone in the Adriatic are concurrent with the anticyclonic and cyclonic circulations of the NIG, respectively. On the basis of the results presented, a revision of the theory of Adriatic ingressions formulated in the early 1950s is proposed.read more
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Physical forcing and physical/biochemical variability of the Mediterranean Sea: a review of unresolved issues and directions for future research
Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli,Vincenzo Artale,G. L. Borzelli-Eusebi,S. Brenner,Alessandro Crise,Miroslav Gačić,Nurit Kress,Salvatore Marullo,M. Ribera d'Alcalà,Sarantis Sofianos,Toste Tanhua,A. Theocharis,Marta Álvarez,Yosef Ashkenazy,Andrea Bergamasco,Vanessa Cardin,Sandro Carniel,Giuseppe Civitarese,Fabrizio D'Ortenzio,Jordi Font,Emilio García-Ladona,Jesús García-Lafuente,Alexandra Gogou,Marilaure Grégoire,Dagmar Hainbucher,H. Kontoyannis,Vedrana Kovačević,E. Kraskapoulou,G. Kroskos,Alessandro Incarbona,Maria Grazia Mazzocchi,Mirko Orlić,Emin Özsoy,Ananda Pascual,Pierre-Marie Poulain,Wolfgang Roether,Angelo Rubino,Katrin Schroeder,J. Siokou-Frangou,Ekaterini Souvermezoglou,Mario Sprovieri,Joaquín Tintoré,George S. Triantafyllou +42 more
TL;DR: In this article, the outcome of a workshop held in Rome in November 2011 on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the POEM (Physical Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean) program is discussed.
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The Mediterranean Sea system: a review and an introduction to the special issue
Toste Tanhua,Dagmar Hainbucher,Katrin Schroeder,Vanessa Cardin,Marta Álvarez,Giuseppe Civitarese +5 more
TL;DR: The Mediterranean Sea is a semi-enclosed sea characterized by high salinities, temperatures and densities as mentioned in this paper, and the net evaporation exceeds the precipitation, driving an anti-estuarine circulation through the Strait of Gibraltar.
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Interannual thermohaline (1979–2014) and nutrient (2002–2014) dynamics in the Levantine surface and intermediate water masses, SE Mediterranean Sea
TL;DR: In this article, a >30-year dataset of 1382 CTD casts in the Levantine Basin (LB) was analyzed to examine the thermohaline trends of the surface and intermediate water masses (LSW, LIW).
Journal ArticleDOI
Exceptional dense water formation on the Adriatic shelf in the winter of 2012
Hrvoje Mihanović,Ivica Vilibić,Sandro Carniel,Martina Tudor,Aniello Russo,Andrea Bergamasco,Nikola Bubić,Zrinka Ljubešić,Damir Viličić,Alfredo Boldrin,Vlado Malačič,Massimo Celio,Cinzia Comici,Fabio Raicich +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors document dense water formation throughout the Adriatic shelf and coastal area in January/February 2012, resulting in record-breaking densities observed during and after the event.
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Monitoring marine invasive species in Mediterranean marine protected areas (MPAs) : a strategy and practical guide for managers
TL;DR: In this paper, the introduction pathways and impacts of major marine species that have invaded the Mediterranean Sea, on how to monitor and identify them and on what can be done to prevent their establishment and spread in MPAs.
References
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Recent Changes in Eastern Mediterranean Deep Waters
Wolfgang Roether,Beniamino B. Manca,Birgit Klein,Davide Bregant,Dimitrios Georgopoulos,Volker Beitzel,Vedrana Kovačević,Anna Luchetta +7 more
TL;DR: A recent hydrographic survey showed that an influx of the Aegean Sea water has replaced 20 percent of the deep and bottom waters of the eastern Mediterranean as discussed by the authors, where the only source of such waters was the Adriatic Sea.
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On the trophic regimes of the Mediterranean Sea: a satellite analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the K-means cluster analysis was applied on the satellite time-series of chlorophyll concentration and the resulting coherent patterns were then explained on the basis of the present knowledge of the basin's functioning.
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The large deep water transient in the Eastern Mediterranean
Birgit Klein,Wolfgang Roether,Beniamino B. Manca,Davide Bregant,Volker Beitzel,Vedrana Kovačević,Anna Luchetta +6 more
TL;DR: The Cretan Sea Overflow Water (CSOW) as mentioned in this paper was proposed for the new deep water mass, which is warmer and more saline than the previously dominating Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW), causing temperatures and salinities to rise towards the bottom.
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A synthesis of the Ionian Sea hydrography, circulation and water mass pathways during POEM-Phase I
Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli,Beniamino B. Manca,Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà,Alexander Theocharis,Andrea Bergamasco,Davide Bregant,Giorgio Budillon,Giuseppe Civitarese,D. Georgopoulos,Antonio Michelato,E. Sansone,Paolo Scarazzato,Ekaterini Souvermezoglou +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors revisited the data collected in the hydrographic surveys of the international collaborative programme POEM (Physical Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean) in the period 1986-1987.
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The Eastern Mediterranean in the 80s and in the 90s: the big transition in the intermediate and deep circulations
Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli,Beniamino B. Manca,Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà,Alexander Theocharis,S. Brenner,Giorgio Budillon,Emin Özsoy +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present definitive observational evidence that the dramatic change of the Eastern Mediterranean deep circulation observed in winter 1995 and documented by Roether et al. actually started before October 1991 and that the change involved not only the deep water mass pathways but also the origin and pathways of the water mass spreading in the intermediate layer.