Online Rainfall Atlas of Hawai‘i
Thomas W. Giambelluca,Qi Chen,Abby G. Frazier,Jonathan P. Price,Yi-Leng Chen,Pao-Shin Chu,Jon Eischeid,Donna Delparte +7 more
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TLDR
The Rainfall Atlas of Hawai'i as discussed by the authors is a set of digitalmaps of the spatial patterns of the 1978-2007 meanmonthly and annual rainfall for the major Hawaiian islands.Abstract:
nteraction among trade winds,terrain, land thermal effects, andthe trade-wind inversion give theHawaiian Islands one of the mostvaried rainfall patterns on Earth.Distinct, persistent patterns of upliftlead to dramatic rainfall gradientsand, together with elevation-relatedtemperature differences, producenearly the full range of climate types.This microcosm of global environ-mental diversity provides a uniquenatural laboratory for world-classresearch on topics such as terres-trial ecosystem carbon dynamics, soilgeochemistry, and the mechanics ofspecies invasion. Knowledge of meanrainfall patterns in Hawai'i is criticallyimportant in support of these researchendeavors as well as for managing andprotecting groundwater and surfacewater resources, controlling and eradicating invasivespecies, protecting and restoring native ecosystems,and planning for the effects of global climate change.The Rainfall Atlas of Hawai'i is a set of digitalmaps of the spatial patterns of 1978-2007 meanmonthly and annual rainfall for the major Hawaiianread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pedogenic Thresholds and Soil Process Domains in Basalt-Derived Soils
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated thresholds and domains in basalt-derived soils on two rainfall gradients in Hawaii and identified thresholds associated with the initiation of biological uplift of nutrients at about 700 mm/y on the younger substrate, the depletion of primary minerals at about 2,100 mm/m on the older substrate, and the initiation and degradation of anoxic conditions and associated Fe mobility at 2,500 mm/ m on the old substrate.
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Statistical downscaling of rainfall changes in Hawai‘i based on the CMIP5 global model projections
TL;DR: In this article, seasonal mean rainfall projections for Hawai'i are given based on statistical downscaling of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) global model results for two future representative concentration pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microhabitat heterogeneity across leaves and flower organs promotes bacterial diversity.
TL;DR: This study determines that leaves and three floral microhabitats of Metrosideros polymorpha (Myrtaceae), a tree endemic to Hawai'i, host unique indicator communities composed of relatively abundant bacterial taxa.
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Chemical weathering as a mechanism for the climatic control of bedrock river incision
TL;DR: It is shown that climate-dependent chemical weathering controls the erodibility of bedrock-floored rivers across a rainfall gradient on the Big Island of Hawai’i, showing strong coupling between local climate and river incision.
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Convergence and contrast in the community structure of Bacteria, Fungi and Archaea along a tropical elevation–climate gradient
Kabir G. Peay,Christian von Sperber,E. Cardarelli,Hirokazu Toju,Christopher A. Francis,Oliver A. Chadwick,Peter M. Vitousek +6 more
TL;DR: The results show that microbial responses to climate gradients are heterogeneous due to complexity of underlying environmental changes and the diverse ecologies of microbial taxa.
References
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A Nonhydrostatic Version of the Penn State–NCAR Mesoscale Model: Validation Tests and Simulation of an Atlantic Cyclone and Cold Front
TL;DR: In this article, a nonhydrostatic extension to the PA-NCAR Mesoscale Model is presented, which employs reference pressure as the basis for a terrain-following vertical coordinate and the fully compressible system of equations.
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Changing sources of nutrients during four million years of ecosystem development
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that inputs of elements from the atmosphere can sustain the productivity of Hawaiian rainforests on highly weathered soils, where cations are supplied in marine aerosols and phosphorus is deposited in dust from central Asia, which is over 6,000 km away.
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Net primary productivity and nutrient cycling across a mesic to wet precipitation gradient in Hawaiian montane forest
TL;DR: The decline in NPP with associated MAP appeared to be most directly associated with decreased N availability in these humid forests, a mechanism that slows decomposition and N mineralization while concurrently increasing P solubility from soil mineral-bound pools.
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Creating a Serially Complete, National Daily Time Series of Temperature and Precipitation for the Western United States
TL;DR: In this article, the development of serially complete (no missing values) daily maximum-minimum temperatures and total precipitation time series over the western United States is documented, with several estimation techniques based on spatial objective analysis schemes used to estimate daily values, with the &ldquost estimate chosen as a missing value replacement.
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Interannual and Interdecadal Rainfall Variations in the Hawaiian Islands
Pao-Shin Chu,Huaiqun Chen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the correlation between the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) signal and the interdecadal variations in Hawaii rainfall and compared the difference in constructive match conditions of El Nino and PDO (i.e., DRY minus WET) for composites of extremely dry and wet winters.