Patent
Plasma whirl reactor apparatus and methods of use
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TLDR
In this article, an apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in single process step is provided.Abstract:
An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.read more
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A non-equilibrium plasma-assisted method and system for reformulating and / or reducing tar concentration in gasification derived gas product
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Conductively heating a subterranean oil shale to create permeability and subsequently produce oil
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe an underground interval of oil shale that is conductively heated from borehole interiors which are kept hotter than about 600° C and are heated at a rate such that kerogen pyrolysis products formed within the oil shale create and flow through horizontal fractures which subsequently extend into fluid-producing wells that are positioned in specified locations.
Patent
In-situ tuned microwave oil extraction process
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of microwave flooding, plasma torch activation, molecular cracking and selective heating are used to heat the oil within the reservoir, by controlling frequency, intensity, duration, direction and wave form of the electromagnetic field.
Patent
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TL;DR: In this article, a plasma arc torch is used as a heat source for recovering useful fuel products from in situ coal, tar sands, oil shale, and the like, where the fixed carbon is gasified by reaction with steam that is sprayed into the devolatilized area.
Patent
Thermal processes for subsurface formations
Harold J. Vinegar,Peter Veenstra,Steven Paul Giles,Chester Ledlie Sandberg,Frederick Henry Kreisler Rambow,Christopher Kelvin Harris,Lanny Gene Schoeling,Mark Gregory Picha,Etuan Zhang,Gary Lee Beer,Frederick Gordon Carl,Taixu Bai,Dong Sub Kim,Fairbanks Michael David,Sanz Guillermo Pastor +14 more
TL;DR: A process may include providing heat from one or more heaters to at least a portion of a subsurface formation as discussed by the authors, which is referred to as pyrolyzing.
Patent
Method and apparatus for conversion of coal in situ
TL;DR: In this article, an underground probe is inserted into a bore hole until the probe is in close proximity to a coal seam, and a mixture of air, steam, an electrolyte and a suitable catalyst is supplied to the probe, and the mixture is then sprayed directly on the coal seam through a passage in a nozzle.