Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3: a review and recommendations for accurate reporting
Qin Cheng,Michelle L. Gatton,John W. Barnwell,Peter L. Chiodini,James S. McCarthy,David Bell,Jane Cunningham +6 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the available evidence and molecular basis for identifying malaria parasites lacking the PfHRP2 protein, the most common target antigen for detection of P. falciparum, have been reviewed.Abstract:
Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) play a critical role in malaria case management, surveillance and case investigations. Test performance is largely determined by design and quality characteristics, such as detection sensitivity, specificity, and thermal stability. However, parasite characteristics such as variable or absent expression of antigens targeted by RDTs can also affect RDT performance. Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking the PfHRP2 protein, the most common target antigen for detection of P. falciparum, have been reported in some regions. Therefore, accurately mapping the presence and prevalence of P. falciparum parasites lacking pfhrp2 would be an important step so that RDTs targeting alternative antigens, or microscopy, can be preferentially selected for use in such regions. Herein the available evidence and molecular basis for identifying malaria parasites lacking PfHRP2 is reviewed, and a set of recommended procedures to apply for future investigations for parasites lacking PfHRP2, is proposed.read more
Citations
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REASSURED diagnostics to inform disease control strategies, strengthen health systems and improve patient outcomes
Kevin Land,Debrah I. Boeras,Xiang-Sheng Chen,Xiang-Sheng Chen,Xiang-Sheng Chen,Andrew Ramsay,Rosanna W. Peeling +6 more
TL;DR: A Perspective discussing the factors that have contributed to the success and failure of point-of-care tests for resource-limited settings and the challenges and opportunities that exist for developing new infectious disease diagnostics.
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Burden, pathology, and costs of malaria in pregnancy: new developments for an old problem
Stephen J. Rogerson,Meghna Desai,Alfredo Mayor,Alfredo Mayor,Elisa Sicuri,Elisa Sicuri,Steve M. Taylor,Anna Maria van Eijk +7 more
TL;DR: This Series paper summarises recent progress and highlights unresolved issues related to the burden of malaria in pregnancy and suggests pregnant women could be used to monitor malaria transmission.
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Changes in Malaria Epidemiology in Africa and New Challenges for Elimination
TL;DR: Large-scale, robust surveillance mechanisms that measure rather than estimate the actual burden of malaria over time from large areas of the continent where such data are lacking need to be prioritized.
Global sequence variation in the histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 of Plasmodium falciparum: implications for the performance of malaria rapid diagnostic tests
Joanne Baker,Mei-Fong Ho,Anita Pelecanos,Michelle L. Gatton,Nanhua Chen,Salim Abdullah,Audrey Albertini,Frédéric Ariey,John W. Barnwell,David Bell,Jane Cunningham,Djibrine Djalle,Diego F. Echeverry,Dionicia Gamboa,Dionicia Gamboa,Jeffery Hii,Myat Phone Kyaw,Jennifer Luchavez,Christopher Membi,Didier Menard,Claribel Murillo,Sina Nhem,Bernhards Ogutu,Pamela Onyor,Wellington Oyibo,Shan Qing Wang,James S. McCarthy,Qin Cheng +27 more
TL;DR: Despite extreme sequence variation, diversity of PfHRP2 does not appear to be a major cause of RDT sensitivity variation, and no statistically robust correlation between gene structure and RDT detection rate for P. falciparum parasites was identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Major Threat to Malaria Control Programs by Plasmodium falciparum Lacking Histidine-Rich Protein 2, Eritrea.
Araia Berhane,Karen Anderson,Selam Mihreteab,Karryn Gresty,Eric Rogier,Salih Mohamed,Filmon Hagos,Ghirmay Embaye,Anderson Chinorumba,Assefash Zehaie,Simone Dowd,Norman C. Waters,Michelle L. Gatton,Venkatachalam Udhayakumar,Qin Cheng,Jane Cunningham +15 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the HRP gene 2/3 status in 50 infected patients at 2 hospitals in Eritrea and found that 80.8% of patients at Ghindae Hospital and 41.7% at Massawa Hospital were infected with pfhrp2-negative parasites and 92.3% (24/26).
References
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World Malaria Report 2013
Kathryn G. Andrews,Cristin A Fergus,Maru Aregawi Epidemiologist,Richard E Cibulskis,Ghasem Zamani +4 more
Journal ArticleDOI
A Large Proportion of P. falciparum Isolates in the Amazon Region of Peru Lack pfhrp2 and pfhrp3: Implications for Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Dionicia Gamboa,Mei-Fong Ho,Jorge Bendezu,Katherine Torres,Peter L. Chiodini,John W. Barnwell,Sandra Incardona,Mark D. Perkins,David A Bell,David A Bell,James E. McCarthy,James E. McCarthy,Qin Cheng +12 more
TL;DR: The high frequency and wide distribution of different parasites lacking pfhrp2 and/or pFhrp3 in widely dispersed areas in the Peruvian Amazon implies that malaria RDTs targeting HRP2 will fail to detect a high proportion of P. falciparum in malaria-endemic areas of Peru and should not be used.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (PfHRP2) and Its Effect on the Performance of PfHRP2-Based Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Joanne Baker,James S. McCarthy,Michelle L. Gatton,Dennis E. Kyle,Vicente Y. Belizario,Jennifer Luchavez,David Bell,Qin Cheng +7 more
TL;DR: The genetic diversity of PfHRP2, which includes numerous amino acid repeats, is examined to provide an alternative explanation for the variable sensitivity in field tests of malaria RDTs that is not due to the quality of the RDT
Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance : results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs : round 5 (2013)
TL;DR: In 2012, there were an estimated 207 million cases (with an uncertainty range of 135 million to 287 million) and an estimated 627 000 deaths as discussed by the authors, and approximately 90% of all malaria deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and 77% occur in children under 5 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
False-Negative Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria and Deletion of the Histidine-Rich Repeat Region of the hrp2 Gene
Ousmane Koita,Ogobara K. Doumbo,Amed Ouattara,Lalla K. Tall,Aoua Konaré,Mahamadou Diakite,Mouctar Diallo,Issaka Sagara,Godfred L. Masinde,Safiatou Doumbo,Amagana Dolo,Anatole Tounkara,Issa Traoré,Donald J. Krogstad +13 more
TL;DR: The results show that parasites that fail to produce HRP2 can cause patent bloodstream infections and false-negative RDT results, and suggest that the use ofHRP2-based RDTs should be reconsidered.
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