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Malaria rapid diagnostic test performance : results of WHO product testing of malaria RDTs : round 5 (2013)
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TLDR
In 2012, there were an estimated 207 million cases (with an uncertainty range of 135 million to 287 million) and an estimated 627 000 deaths as discussed by the authors, and approximately 90% of all malaria deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and 77% occur in children under 5 years.Abstract:
WHO estimates that half the world’s population is at risk of malaria. In 2012, there were an estimated 207 million cases (with an uncertainty range of 135 million to 287 million) and an estimated 627 000 deaths (with an uncertainty range of 473 000 to 789 000). Approximately 90% of all malaria deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and 77% occur in children under 5 years. Malaria remains endemic in 104 countries, and, while parasite-based diagnosis is increasing, most suspected cases of malaria are still not properly confirmed, resulting in over-use of antimalarial drugs and poor disease monitoring (1)...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Targeting asymptomatic malaria infections: active surveillance in control and elimination.
Hugh J. W. Sturrock,Michelle S. Hsiang,Justin M. Cohen,David L. Smith,Bryan Greenhouse,Teun Bousema,Teun Bousema,Roly Gosling +7 more
TL;DR: It is argued that the evidence for its effectiveness is sparse and that targeted mass drug administration should be evaluated as an alternative or addition to active case detection.
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Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: challenges and prospects.
TL;DR: Recent developments in malaria RDTs are described, reviewing R DTs detecting PfHRP2, pLDH and plasmodial aldolase and the prospect of overcoming the problems associated with current RDT's with a new generation of alternative malaria antigen targets is described.
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Plasmodium falciparum parasites lacking histidine-rich protein 2 and 3: a review and recommendations for accurate reporting
Qin Cheng,Michelle L. Gatton,John W. Barnwell,Peter L. Chiodini,James S. McCarthy,David Bell,Jane Cunningham +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the available evidence and molecular basis for identifying malaria parasites lacking the PfHRP2 protein, the most common target antigen for detection of P. falciparum, have been reviewed.
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Intermittent screening and treatment or intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the control of malaria during pregnancy in western Kenya: an open-label, three-group, randomised controlled superiority trial.
Meghna Desai,Julie Gutman,Anne L’lanziva,Kephas Otieno,Elizabeth Juma,Simon Kariuki,Peter Ouma,Vincent Were,Kayla F. Laserson,Abraham Katana,John Williamson,Feiko O. ter Kuile +11 more
TL;DR: Assessment of the efficacy and safety of two alternative strategies for intermittent screening with malaria rapid diagnostic tests and treatment of women who test positive with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine found both were associated with a lower incidence of malaria infection during pregnancy.
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Clinical Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Amplification Kit for Diagnosis of Imported Malaria
Spencer D. Polley,Iveth J. González,Deqa Mohamed,Rosemarie Daly,Kathy Bowers,Julie Watson,Emma Mewse,Margaret Armstrong,Christen Gray,Mark D. Perkins,David Bell,Hidetoshi Kanda,Norihiro Tomita,Yutaka Kubota,Yasuyoshi Mori,Peter L. Chiodini,Colin J. Sutherland +16 more
TL;DR: Malaria LAMP had a diagnostic accuracy similar to that of nested PCR, with a greatly reduced time to result, and was superior to expert microscopy, suggesting that the primary analysis had underestimated diagnostic accuracy.
References
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World Malaria Report 2013
Kathryn G. Andrews,Cristin A Fergus,Maru Aregawi Epidemiologist,Richard E Cibulskis,Ghasem Zamani +4 more
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A Large Proportion of P. falciparum Isolates in the Amazon Region of Peru Lack pfhrp2 and pfhrp3: Implications for Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Dionicia Gamboa,Mei-Fong Ho,Jorge Bendezu,Katherine Torres,Peter L. Chiodini,John W. Barnwell,Sandra Incardona,Mark D. Perkins,David A Bell,David A Bell,James E. McCarthy,James E. McCarthy,Qin Cheng +12 more
TL;DR: The high frequency and wide distribution of different parasites lacking pfhrp2 and/or pFhrp3 in widely dispersed areas in the Peruvian Amazon implies that malaria RDTs targeting HRP2 will fail to detect a high proportion of P. falciparum in malaria-endemic areas of Peru and should not be used.
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The silent threat: asymptomatic parasitemia and malaria transmission
TL;DR: The evidence that asymptomatic malaria infection plays an important role in malaria transmission is reviewed and that interventions to target this parasite reservoir may be needed to achieve malaria elimination in both low- and high-transmission areas.
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Beyond malaria : causes of fever in outpatient tanzanian children
Valérie D'Acremont,Mary Kilowoko,Esther Kyungu,Sister Philipina,Willy Sangu,Judith Kahama-Maro,Christian Lengeler,Pascal Cherpillod,Laurent Kaiser,Blaise Genton +9 more
TL;DR: Evidence of a viral process was found more commonly than evidence of a bacterial or parasitic process in the spectrum of causes of fever in African children in two representative settings.
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"Asymptomatic" Malaria: A Chronic and Debilitating Infection That Should Be Treated.
Ingrid Chen,Siân E. Clarke,Roly Gosling,Busiku Hamainza,Gerry F. Killeen,Gerry F. Killeen,Alan J. Magill,Wendy Prudhomme O’Meara,Ric N. Price,Ric N. Price,Eleanor M. Riley +10 more
TL;DR: Roland Gosling and colleagues argue that "asymptomatic" malaria infections have significant health and societal consequences, and propose that they should be renamed "chronic malaria infections".