Positron Annihilation in Chemistry

TLDR: The Positron track and its terminal Spur were used by the Positellis in the early days of the development of the Positrons as mentioned in this paper, and they were used to measure the positron lifetime (LT) of the particles.

Abstract: 1Introduction- 11 Positron Annihilation in Chemistry- 12 History of Chemistry-Oriented Positron Annihilation Studies- 13 Review of Physics-Oriented Positron Research- 14 The Content and Intention of this Book- 2 Theory- 21 The Annihilation Probability- 22 Atomic Physics of Positronium (Ps)- 23 Application of the Theory- 3 Experimental Techniques- 31 Positron Lifetime (LT) Technique- 311 Elementary Description of a LT Spectrometer- 312 Special Problems of LT Measurements- 313 General Remarks on the Data Analysis- 314 Data Analysis of LT Spectra- 32 Angular Correlation (AC) Measurements- 321 Experimental- 322 Data Analysis of AC Spectra- 33 Doppler Broadening (DB) Measurements- 34 Miscellaneous Measurements- 4 Light Particle States in Insulating Matter- 41 General Remarks- 42 The Excess Electron- 43 The Positron States in Liquids- 44 The Ps States in Liquids- 45 Short Remarks on Light Particle States in Solids and Gases- 46 Measurable Properties of Light Particles- 5 The Positron Spur and Ps Formation in Pure Liquids- 51 The Positron Track and its Terminal Spur- 52 Homogeneous, Long Time Irradiation by Positron Slowing Down- 53 Determination of the Ps Yield- 54 Formation of Ps in the Positron Spur- 55 The Measured Ps Yields for Pure Liquids- 6 Solvated Positron Reactions Models of Reaction Kinetics- 61 Hydrated Positron Reactions with Halides- 62 Reaction Kinetics in Positron Annihilation- 63 Discussion of $$ {\text{e}}_{\text{aq}}^{\text{C}} $$ Reactions Low Concentrations- 64 Discussion of $$ {\text{e}}_{\text{aq}}^{\text{C}} $$ Reactions High Concentrations- 7 Positronium Formation in Solutions- 71 Special Cases of Ps Formation in Nonpolar Mixtures- 72 Theory of Ps Inhibition and Antiinhibition- 73 Empirical Expression for the Ps Yield- 74 Positronium Formation in Mixtures of Nonpolar Liquids- 75 Positronium Formation in Solutions of Polar Liquids- 76 Miscellaneous Ps Yield Effects- 77 The Older Ps Formation Models- 8 Positronium Reactions in Solutions- 81 Kinetic Equations of Positronium Reactions- 82 An Example of Ps Quenching and Inhibition- 83 Positronium Quenching by Mainly Organic Molecules in Solutions- 84 Paramagnetic Quenching of Positronium in Solutions- 85 Positronium Reactions with Ions in Aqueous Solutions- 9 Principles of Positron Annihilation in Molecular Solids- 91 Positronium Bloch Functions and Ps Trapping in Defects- 92 Positronium Trapping in Vacancies in Plastic Crystals- 93 Positronium Formation in Solid Aromatic Hydrocarbons- 94 Positronium in Some Other Molecular Crystals- 95 Slow-Positron Beam Studies of Solids- 10 Polymers and Miscellaneous Molecular Compounds- 101 Transition from Glassy to Normal Liquid State- 102 Positron Annihilation in Polymers- 103 Electric Field Dependence of the Ps Yield- 104 Liquid Crystals and Miscellaneous Liquids- 105 Miscellaneous Solids- 11 Conclusion- References- Index of Chemicals