Processing redundant information
TLDR
When stimuli differed on two dimensions (size and brightness) either of which could furnish sufficient information for a correct response, reaction times were faster than when stimuli differed only on one dimension as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
When stimuli differed on two dimensions (size and brightness), either of which could furnish sufficient information for a correct response, reaction times were faster than when stimuli differed on only one dimension. This result holds true even when individual differences in dimension preferences are taken into account. A model of parallel processing of the different dimensions is proposed and extended to Posner's taxonomy of informationprocessing tasks. The model emphasizes 6\"s ability to initiate a successive processing stage as soon as sufficient information for a correct response has been gathered. This ability enables .? to capitalize on the variance of the times of the component processes by which the values of the different dimensions arc determined.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Divided attention: Evidence for coactivation with redundant signals
TL;DR: When two signals are presented, responses are faster than separate-activation models can explain, and the results favor “coactivation” models, in which signals presented on different channels contribute to a common pool of activation that initiate a response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scene Perception" Detecting and Judging Objects Undergoing Relational Violations
TL;DR: Results provide converging evidence that semantic relations can be accessed from the results of a single fixation and were available sufficiently early during the time course of scene perception to affect the perception of the objects in the scene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surface versus Edge-Based Determinants of Visual Recognition.
Irving Biederman,Ginny Ju +1 more
TL;DR: Although differences in surface characteristics such as color, brightness, and texture can be instrumental in defining edges and can provide cues for visual search, they play only a secondary role in the real-time recognition of an intact object when its edges can be readily extracted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Integrality of stimulus dimensions in various types of information processing
W.R Garner,Gary L. Felfoldy +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the speed of sorting decks of stimulus cards was measured using seven experiments in which stimulus cards were constructed from two dichotomous dimensions, used either alone, correlated, or orthogonally.
References
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Book
Uncertainty and structure as psychological concepts
Abstract: It was a misfortune of psychology that it lacked a tradition of dealing with rigorous mathematical theories when psychologists were first attracted by information theory. Applications were made with simple-minded identification of psychological concepts with communication terms, without really paying attention to the meaning of the terms in the respective areas. Quite a few experiments were reported measuring human channel capacity under various experimental conditions without asking the basic question: Does the human being comply with the definition of channel in communication engineering? It is true that, in spite of this carelessness, the bulk of experiments re~ ported demonstrated some systematic results as summarized by G. A. Miller in his concept of The Magical Number Seven. However, these experiments also led to various riddles and confusions as illustrated by Garner in Chapter 2 of this book. And this is undoubtedly the reason that many frustrated psychologists finally gave up information theory as useless to psychology. Still, after the waxing and waning of information theory in psychology, an important recognition remained: Information processing is one of the most significant functions of man. The recognition must eventually revive the application of information theory to psychology as a sheer necessity. Probably " application" is not a proper word. A kind of information theory must be developed which is suitable to describe as complicated aa information processing mechanism as man. A first step toward such a theory was taken by McGill in his paper published in Psychometrika in 1954. What I call a misfortune of psychology is this: Instead of taking McGill's mathematical system (called symmetric uncerlainty analysis by Garner and abbreviated here as SUA) as a conceptual tool iu analyzing psychological problems, the tradition of psychology almost forced us to see it as another statistical testing technique analogous to the analysis of variance. As such, SUA was not so handy as the analysis of variance because of the lack of known distributions, and thus SUA failed to acquire popularity. What we needed then, and need now, is a conceptual means which logically bridges information theory to psychology. So the author could not do better in entirely leaving out of the book the significance testing aspect of SUA. I t must be pointed out that SUA is not a model of human behavior. I t is a system of mathematics (or, I would rather say, of logics) so that it is infallible as far as it goes. This aspect of SUA must be clearly remembered. Information theory, developed in communication engineering, is a normative theory. It is
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Choice reaction time: An analysis of the major theoretical positions.
TL;DR: Choice reaction time to visual stimuli - analysis of major theoretical positions to perceptual recognition theories and its applications to choice reaction time-based recognition theories.
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Parallel versus serial processes in multidimensional stimulus discrimination
TL;DR: It was concluded that the most appropriate model for this task is one that assumes that dimensions areCompared serially, and that the order in which dimensions are compared varies from trial-to-trial.
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Information reduction in the analysis of sequential tasks.
TL;DR: A taxonomy of information-processing tasks is proposed which, it is suggested, represents a kind of thinking in which the solution is in some way implicit in the problem, but inWhich the input information must be reflected in a reduced or condensed output.