Journal ArticleDOI
Putting magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in context: axonal damage and disability in multiple sclerosis
Paul M. Matthews,N. De Stefano,Sridar Narayanan,G. S. Francis,Jerry S. Wolinsky,Jack P. Antel,Douglas L. Arnold,Douglas L. Arnold +7 more
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TLDR
The dynamic observations that are allowed by these noninvasive measures of pathology have demonstrated direct correlations between axonal changes and disability, making a compelling case for increased emphasis on finding treatments of MS that may limit damage to CNS axons or salvage injured axons.Abstract:
Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) techniques have focused the attention of the multiple sclerosis (MS) research community on reanalysis of classic pathological approaches that have suggested significant axonal injury in this demyelinating disease. There now is abundant evidence from animal work that substantial "innocent bystander" damage to axons can occur with central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Given the close interactions between axons and glia, it is no surprise that glial damage leads to secondary axonal changes. MRI, MRS, and MRS imaging studies have emphasized that axonal loss or damage in MS can be both substantial and early. The dynamic observations that are allowed by these noninvasive measures of pathology have demonstrated direct correlations between these axonal changes and disability, making a compelling case for increased emphasis on finding treatments of MS that may limit damage to CNS axons or salvage injured axons.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Acute axonal damage in multiple sclerosis is most extensive in early disease stages and decreases over time.
TL;DR: The results indicate that a putative axon-protective treatment should start as early as possible and include strategies preventing T cell/macrophage-mediated axon destruction and leading to remyelination of axons.
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Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N‐acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients
TL;DR: The data support axonal loss as a major cause of irreversible neurological disability in paralyzed MS patients and indicate that reduced NAA as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy can reflect axonal Loss and reduced N AA levels in demyelinated and myelinated axons.
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Axonal loss in the pathology of MS: consequences for understanding the progressive phase of the disease
TL;DR: The concept of MS as an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease has important clinical implications regarding therapeutic approaches, monitoring of patients, and the development of neuroprotective treatment strategies.
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Evidence of axonal damage in the early stages of multiple sclerosis and its relevance to disability.
Nicola De Stefano,Sridar Narayanan,Gordon S. Francis,Rozie Arnaoutelis,Maria Carmela Tartaglia,Jack P. Antel,Paul M. Matthews,Douglas L. Arnold +7 more
TL;DR: Cerebral axonal damage begins and contributes to disability from the earliest stages of the disease, even before significant disability (measured using the Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]) was evident clinically.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thalamic neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis
Alberto Cifelli,Marzena Arridge,Peter Jezzard,Margaret M. Esiri,Jacqueline Palace,Paul M. Matthews +5 more
TL;DR: The results show that neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis can be substantial (30–35% reduction), and conclude that a neurodegenerative pathology may make a major contribution to the genesis of symptoms inmultiple sclerosis.