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Quantum mechanical phase and time operator

Leonard Susskind, +1 more
- 01 Jul 1964 - 
- Vol. 1, Iss: 1, pp 49-61
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TLDR
In this paper, the phase operator for an oscillator is shown not to exist and a pair of non-commuting sin and cos operators are used to define uncertainty relations for phase and number.
Abstract
The phase operator for an oscillator is shown not to exist. It is replaced by a pair of non-commuting sin and cos operators which can be used to define uncertainty relations for phase and number. The relation between phase and angle operators is carefully discussed. The possibility of using a phase variable as a quantum clock is demonstrated and the states for which the clock is most accurate are constructed.

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Quantum metrology

TL;DR: It is proved that the typical quantum precision enhancement is of the order of the square root of the number of times the system is sampled, and it is pointed out the different strategies that permit one to attain this bound.
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Phase and Angle Variables in Quantum Mechanics

TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator excited in coherent states is given, with special attention to the uncertainty relations and the transition to the classical limit.
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'Nonclassical' states in quantum optics: a 'squeezed' review of the first 75 years

TL;DR: A review of studies performed in the field of non-classical states can be found in this article, with a focus on the evolution of Gaussian wave packets for an oscillator, a free particle and a particle moving in uniform constant electric and magnetic fields.
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Phase properties of the quantized single-mode electromagnetic field.

TL;DR: This paper investigates the properties of a Hermitian phase operator which follows directly and uniquely from the form of the phase states in this space and finds them to be well behaved.
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On the Hermitian Optical Phase Operator

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the number-phase commutator differs from that originally postulated by Dirac and this difference allows consistent use of the commutators for inherently quantum states.
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