Real time dynamic strain monitoring of optical links using the backreflection of live PSK data.
Hugo F. Martins,Kai Shi,Benn C. Thomsen,Sonia Martin-Lopez,Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez,Seb J. Savory +5 more
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TLDR
A novel technique is proposed to implement real-time distributed strain sensing in parallel with an operating optical communication channel based on monitoring the Rayleigh backscattered light from optical communication data transmitted using standard modulation formats.Abstract:
A major cause of faults in optical communication links is related to unintentional third party intrusions (normally related to civil/agricultural works) causing fiber breaks or cable damage. These intrusions could be anticipated and avoided by monitoring the dynamic strain recorded along the cable. In this work, a novel technique is proposed to implement real-time distributed strain sensing in parallel with an operating optical communication channel. The technique relies on monitoring the Rayleigh backscattered light from optical communication data transmitted using standard modulation formats. The system is treated as a phase-sensitive OTDR (ΦOTDR) using random and non-periodical non-return-to-zero (NRZ) phase-shift keying (PSK) pulse coding. An I/Q detection unit allows for a full (amplitude, phase and polarization) characterization of the backscattered optical signal, thus achieving a fully linear system in terms of ΦOTDR trace coding/decoding. The technique can be used with different modulation formats, and operation using 4 Gbaud single-polarization dual PSK and 4 Gbaud dual-polarization quadrature PSK is demonstrated. As a proof of concept, distributed sensing of dynamic strain with a sampling of 125 kHz and a spatial resolution of 2.5 cm (set by the bit size) over 500 m is demonstrated for applied sinusoidal strain signals of 500 Hz. The limitations and possibilities for improvement of the technique are also discussed.read more
Citations
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Phase-detection distributed fiber-optic vibration sensor without fading-noise based on time-gated digital OFDR
Dian Chen,Qingwen Liu,Zuyuan He +2 more
TL;DR: A novel phase-detection DFVS is developed, which effectively eliminates the weak-fading-point and the relationship between phase noise and the intensity of backscattering is analyzed, and the inner-pulse frequency-division method and rotated-vector-sum method are introduced to effectively suppress phase noise.
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On the sensitivity of distributed acoustic sensing.
Haniel Gabai,Avishay Eyal +1 more
TL;DR: In this Letter, the statistical properties of DAS SNR and DAS sensitivity are studied in detail for the first time, and the minimum input signal is proposed as a new figure of merit for the characterization of system performances and for comparison between the sensitivities of different DAS modalities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distributed Fiber-Optic Acoustic Sensor With Enhanced Response Bandwidth and High Signal-to-Noise Ratio
TL;DR: Undersampling method is introduced to reduce the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter and the data size, which can reduce the cost of the system and facilitate real-time data processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Distributed acoustic sensing for seismic activity monitoring
Maria R. Fernandez-Ruiz,Marcelo A. Soto,Ethan Williams,Sonia Martin-Lopez,Zhongwen Zhan,Miguel Gonzalez-Herraez,Hugo F. Martins +6 more
TL;DR: Early approaches on the application of fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensors (DASs) for seismic activity monitoring are discussed and new experimental results on teleseism monitoring based on a specific approach: the so-called chirped-pulse DAS are illustrated.
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Machine Learning Methods for Pipeline Surveillance Systems Based on Distributed Acoustic Sensing: A Review
Javier Tejedor,Javier Macias-Guarasa,Hugo F. Martins,Juan Pastor-Graells,Pedro Corredera,Sonia Martin-Lopez +5 more
TL;DR: The fundamentals of the machine learning approaches when applied to DAS systems are described, and the most common issues related to real field deployment and evaluation of DAS+PRS for pipeline threat monitoring are addressed.
References
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A distributed optical fibre dynamic strain sensor based on phase-OTDR
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Fiber-Optic Distributed Strain and Temperature Sensing With Very High Measurand Resolution Over Long Range Using Coherent OTDR
TL;DR: In this article, a coherent optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) with a precisely frequency-controlled light source was used to measure distributed strain and temperature in an 8 km-long fiber with a resolution of 0.01degC and a spatial resolution of one meter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ultra-long high-sensitivity Φ-OTDR for high spatial resolution intrusion detection of pipelines
TL;DR: It is found that the combination of distributed Raman amplification with heterodyne detection can extend the sensing distance and enhances the sensitivity substantially, leading to the realization of ultra-long Φ-OTDR with high sensitivity and spatial resolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coherent Φ-OTDR based on I/Q demodulation and homodyne detection
Zinan Wang,Li Zhang,Song Wang,Naitian Xue,Fei Peng,Mengqiu Fan,Wei Sun,Xianyang Qian,Jiarui Rao,Yun-Jiang Rao +9 more
TL;DR: A novel distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) based on I/Q demodulation and homodyne detection using a 90° optical hybrid is demonstrated.