Book ChapterDOI
Satellite Measurements of Sea-Surface Temperature for Climate Research
Peter J. Minnett,A. M. Zavody,David Llewellyn-Jones +2 more
- pp 57-85
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TLDR
The Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) as mentioned in this paper was used to provide accurate measurements of sea surface temperature using a multi-angle, multichannel technique to overcome the effects of the clear atmopshere.Abstract:
Factors determining the accuracy with which the sea surface temperature can be measured from space using infrared radiometers are discussed. These include the clear atmosphere radiative effects, contamination of the signal by clouds in the field of view, and sun glitter at the 3.7 μm ‘atmospheric window’. The effects of near surface vertical temperature gradients caused by surface heat loss (the skin effect) and by solar heating (the diurnal thermocline) are also discussed. A review of present measurement capabilities is made and a brief description is given of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR), which will fly on the European satellite ERS-1 to provide accurate measurements of sea surface temperature using a multi-angle, multichannel technique to overcome the effects of the clear atmopshere.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
An improved method for detecting clear sky and cloudy radiances from AVHRR data
R. W. Saunders,K. T. Kriebel +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a scheme to identify cloud-free and cloud-filled pixels (i.e. fields of view) from satellite radiance data, which consists of five daytime or five night-time tests applied to each individual pixel to determine whether that pixel is cloud free, partly cloudy or cloud filled.
Journal ArticleDOI
An automated scheme for the removal of cloud contamination from AVHRR radiances over western Europe
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of the spatial coherence method at infrared wavelengths (11 μm) and dynamic visible threshold methods proved to be the most effective scheme for day-time use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consequences of sea surface temperature variability on the validation and applications of satellite measurements
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed SST measurements from both spaceborne and in situ sensors to determine likely temperature differences that can arise between two measurements separated in space and time, and found that spatial separations of about 10 km and time intervals of about 2 hours can introduce rms differences of 0.2 K into the error budget of a satellite validation data set, this being an upper limit for the meaningful validation of current infrared radiometers.
Journal ArticleDOI
The regional optimization of infrared measurements of sea surface temperature from space
TL;DR: In this article, an accurate numerical line-by-line model of the radiative transfer through the atmosphere is used to simulate measurements of the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR/2) on the NOAA series of near-polar-orbiting satellites for conditions of the region of the Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian Sea.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contextual Pattern Recognition Applied to Cloud Detection and Identification
Josef Kittler,D. Pairman +1 more
TL;DR: A general contextual classification rule is developed which is then simplified under some realistic assumptions made and confirms its superiority over the conventional Bayes rule and provides justification for the assumption made.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Steady Linear Response of a Spherical Atmosphere to Thermal and Orographic Forcing
Brian J. Hoskins,David J. Karoly +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a linearized steady-state five-layer baroclinic model is used to study the response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing.
Journal ArticleDOI
A method for satellite identification of surface temperature fields of subpixel resolution
TL;DR: In this paper, surface radiant temperature fields of subpixel spatial resolution from satellites which contain more than one channel in the thermal infrared spectral region are measured in terms of contributions from two temperature fields, each occupying a portion of the pixel, where the portions are not necessarily contiguous.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of sea surface temperatures from two infrared window measurements with different absorption
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a correction equal to a constant times the difference in measured radiances to reduce the rms error by one third, from 0.6 K to 0.4 K.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloud cover from high-resolution scanner data - Detecting and allowing for partially filled fields of view
TL;DR: In this article, the spatial structure of the IR radiance field is used to identify radiances associated with fields of view that are either free of clouds or completely covered by clouds drawn from one or more distinct layers.