Journal ArticleDOI
Secular trends in the performance of children and adolescents (1980-2000): an analysis of 55 studies of the 20m shuttle run test in 11 countries.
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There has been a very rapid secular decline in the 20mSRT performance of children and adolescents over the last 20 years, at least in developed countries, with a sample-weighted mean decline of 0.43% of mean values per year.Abstract:
It is widely believed that the performance of children and adolescents on aerobic fitness tests is declining. To test this hypothesis, this meta-analysis compared the results of 55 reports of the performance of children and adolescents aged 6–19 years who have used the 20m shuttle run test (20mSRT). All data were collected in the period 1981–2000. Following corrections for methodological variation, the results of all studies were expressed using the common metric of running speed (km/h) at the last completed stage. Raw data were combined with pseudodata generated from reported means and standard deviations using Monte Carlo simulation. Where data were available on children and adolescents from the same country of the same age and sex, but tested at different times, linear regression was used to calculate rates of change. This was possible for 11 (mainly developed) countries, representing a total of 129 882 children and adolescents in 151 age × sex × country slices. There has been a significant decline in performance in the 11 countries where data were available, and in most age × sex groups, with a sample-weighted mean decline of 0.43% of mean values per year. The decline was most marked in older age groups and the rate of decline was similar for boys and girls. There has been a very rapid secular decline in the 20mSRT performance of children and adolescents over the last 20 years, at least in developed countries. The rate of decline is not related to the change in the country’s relative wealth, as quantified by per capita gross domestic product (GDP).read more
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Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness
TL;DR: A maximal multistage 20 m shuttle run test was designed to determine the maximal aerobic power of schoolchildren, healthy adults attending fitness class and athletes performing in sports with frequent stops and starts, indicating that the same equation could be used keeping age constant at 18.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental Influences on Eating and Physical Activity
TL;DR: Current trends in food supply, eating out, physical activity, and inactivity are reviewed, as are the effects of advertising, promotion, and pricing on eating and physical activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity in Britain: gluttony or sloth?
Andrew M. Prentice,Susan A. Jebb +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that modern inactive lifestyles are at least as important as diet in the aetiology of obesity and possibly represent the dominant factor.
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Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the united states, 1986-1990
Steven L. Gortmaker,Aviva Must,Arthur M. Sobol,Karen E. Peterson,Graham A. Colditz,William H. Dietz +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relation between hours of television viewed and the prevalence of overweight in 1990, and the incidence and remission of overweight from 1986 to 1990 in a nationally representative cohort of 746 youths aged 10 to 15 years in 1990 whose mothers were 25 to 32 years old.
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A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict VO2 max
Luc Léger,Jean Lambert +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test for the prediction of O2 max was proposed and validated using the retroextrapolation method, and the results showed that it is a valid and reliable test for predicting the O2max of male and female adults.