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Journal ArticleDOI

Sensory information and the organization of behaviour in a shoaling cyprinid fish

Tony J. Pitcher
- 01 Feb 1979 - 
- Vol. 27, pp 126-149
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TLDR
The use of ‘shoal’ is recommended as a more helpful general term for a social group of fish (equivalent to ‘flock’ in birds), the term ‘school’ being restricted to polarized synchronized groups.
About
This article is published in Animal Behaviour.The article was published on 1979-02-01. It has received 123 citations till now.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

The chameleon effect: The perception–behavior link and social interaction.

TL;DR: The authors suggest that the mechanism involved is the perception-behavior link, the recently documented finding that the mere perception of another's behavior automatically increases the likelihood of engaging in that behavior oneself.
Book ChapterDOI

Functions of Shoaling Behaviour in Teleosts

TL;DR: Predators and food are the keys to understanding fish shoals; synchronised co-operation defeats predators, and optimal food gathering in shoals reflects a shifting balance between joining, competing in, or leaving the group.
Book ChapterDOI

The perception–behavior expressway: Automatic effects of social perception on social behavior.

TL;DR: This chapter examines all three forms of social perception that lead directly to corresponding overt behavioral tendencies and elaborates the direct relation between perception and behavior and specifically on one consequence of this relation—namely, the imitation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish

TL;DR: Comparing data from two-fish and three-fish shoals challenges the standard assumption that individual motion results from averaging responses to each neighbor considered separately and finds no evidence for explicit matching of body orientation.
Book ChapterDOI

The Biology of the Clupeoid Fishes

TL;DR: The aim of this chapter is to describe the present status of knowledge on the behavior and physiology of clupeoids with particular reference to their ecology.
References
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The analysis of contingency tables

TL;DR: Contingency tables and the chi-square test as mentioned in this paper are two types of contingency tables, i.e., 2 x 2 and r x c. Contingency table.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hydromechanics of Fish Schooling

TL;DR: Hydrodynamical effects appear to be important to obligate schooling species, and the endurance of the fish is found to be increased twice to six times when in schools.
Journal ArticleDOI

Experiments on whether schooling by their prey affects the hunting behaviour of cephalopods and fish predators

TL;DR: The experiments show that a shoal can provide further protection in hampering the attack of a predator and the increasing shoal size from one fish to six, to 20, decreased the success of the predators' attacks per encounter with a prey.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Analysis of Cross-Classified Data: Independence, Quasi-Independence, and Interactions in Contingency Tables with or without Missing Entries

TL;DR: The analysis of cross-classified data: Independence, quasi-independence, and Interactions in Contingency Tables with or without Missing Entries as mentioned in this paper is an example of such a model.
Journal ArticleDOI

Flocking and feeding in the great tit parus major–an experimental study

TL;DR: It seems likely that local enhancement does occur in natural flocks, and the flocking in Great Tits is of benefit to the participants because they increase their effectiveness in finding food.