Serum Vitamin A Esters Are High in Captive Rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) Monkeys
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TLDR
High serum retinyl ester concentrations as a percentage of total serum vitamin A were present in both species, 12 +/- 5.1% for rhesus and 27 +/- 14% for the marmosets, compared with published values.Abstract:
We showed previously that hepatic vitamin A concentrations of captive rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) are subtoxic to toxic, with livers exhibiting stellate cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Although marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) livers are also high in vitamin A, no stellate cell irregularities were observed. To further characterize the effects of high dietary vitamin A from preformed sources, stored serum samples were analyzed from monkeys used for biomedical research and housed at the Wisconsin Primate Research Center. The monkeys had been fed commercially available monkey diets, providing vitamin A (as retinyl acetate) at levels exceeding NRC recommendations by a factor of four. The serum from both rhesus and marmoset monkeys had total serum vitamin A (retinol, retinyl esters and metabolites) within the expected range for both species, i.e., 1.44 +/- 0.34 and 1.41 +/- 0.72 micromol/L serum for rhesus and marmoset monkeys, respectively. However, high serum retinyl ester concentrations as a percentage of total serum vitamin A were present in both species, 12 +/- 5.1% (range, 5.5-23%) for rhesus and 27 +/- 14% (range, 10-57%) for the marmosets. Serum retinol concentrations were normal, i.e., 1.21 +/- 0.28 (rhesus) and 0.92 +/- 0.43 micromol/L (marmoset), compared with published values.read more
Citations
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The acute and chronic toxic effects of vitamin A
TL;DR: Further research is needed to ascertain the areas of the world in which subclinical toxicity exists and to evaluate its effects on overall health and well-being, because emerging evidence suggests that subtoxicity without clinical signs of toxicity may be a growing concern.
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High provitamin A carotenoid serum concentrations, elevated retinyl esters, and saturated retinol-binding protein in Zambian preschool children are consistent with the presence of high liver vitamin A stores
Stephanie Mondloch,Bryan M Gannon,Christopher R Davis,Justin Chileshe,Chisela Kaliwile,Cassim Masi,Luisa Rios-Avila,Jesse F. Gregory,Sherry A Tanumihardjo +8 more
TL;DR: The finding of hypervitaminosis A in Zambian children was supported by high circulating concentrations of carotenoids and mildly elevated serum retinyl esters and ALT activity was low, likely due to underlying vitamin B-6 deficiency, which was confirmed by very low serum PLP concentrations.
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Mathematical Modeling of Serum 13C-Retinol in Captive Rhesus Monkeys Provides New Insights on Hypervitaminosis A
TL;DR: Stable isotope techniques have important public health potential for the classification of VA status, including hypervitaminosis, because no other technique besides invasive liver biopsies, correctly identifies excessive liver VA stores.
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Serum retinyl esters are not elevated in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis whose preformed vitamin A intakes are high
TL;DR: Serum retinyl esters were not elevated in these postmenopausal women despite intakes of total VA that were nearly two-fold the Recommended Dietary Allowance, however, retinyl Ester concentration was marginally associated with osteoporosis and should be further investigated.
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Serum retinyl esters are positively correlated with analyzed total liver vitamin A reserves collected from US adults at time of death.
Kiersten Olsen,Devika Suri,Christopher R Davis,Jesse Sheftel,Kohei Nishimoto,Yusuke Yamaoka,Yutaka Toya,Nathan V. Welham,Sherry A Tanumihardjo +8 more
TL;DR: This study evaluated serum REs as a biomarker of VA status against TLRs (gold standard), and abnormal histology suggested that 7.5% total serum VA as REs is diagnostic for toxicity at the individual level in adults.
References
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