Showing papers in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 1990"

TL;DR: A predictive equation for resting energy expenditure (REE) was derived from data from 498 healthy subjects, including females and males, aged 19-78 y, and overestimated measured REE by 5% (p less than 0.01).

TL;DR: Bone mineral density (BMD) and soft-tissue composition of the total body and major subregions were measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and there were no significant differences in mean results or in precision errors between the two speeds.

TL;DR: Self-reported weight and height are unreliable in important population subgroups and are directly related to a person's overweight status--bias and unreliability in self-report increased directly with the magnitude of overweight.

TL;DR: These findings indicate that FFMI and BFMI may be useful in nutritional assessment, and use of height-normalized indices, namely, a FFM index and a BFM index, together with basal oxygen-consumption rate, diagnosed PEM in 27 of the 32 Minnesota Study subjects after 12 wk of semi-starvation.

TL;DR: Appendicular skeletal muscle mass estimated by DPA is thus a potentially practical and accurate method of quantifying human skeletal Muscle mass in vivo.

TL;DR: The collective effects of n-3 PUFAs may account for the reduction in coronary arterial disease in populations consuming foods containing n-1 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

TL;DR: The data suggest that reported ME in nonobese and obese adolescents is not representative of TEE or energy requirements.

TL;DR: Short-term vitamin E supplementation improves immune responsiveness in healthy elderly individuals; this effect appears to be mediated by a decrease in PGE2 and/or other lipid-peroxidation products.

TL;DR: Calcium balances in adolescent females with different calcium intakes, and a 2-y intervention study of calcium supplementation were performed, suggesting that inadequate calcium intake may translate into inadequate calcium retention and a reduction in peak bone mass.

TL;DR: Findings suggest the advisability of development and prospective evaluation of individualized treatment programs designed to enhance exercise, coping skills, and social support in obese women.

TL;DR: Drinking large volumes of APM-sweetened soda, in contrast to drinking HFCS-sweetening soda, reduces sugar intake and thus may facilitate the control of calorie intake and body weight.

TL;DR: It is concluded that CT and MRI may yield different absolute values of fat areas (especially visceral fat) but that the ranking of individuals on the basis of their fat areas will be similar by both methods.

TL;DR: HCF diets may improve carbohydrate economy by enhanced peripheral sensitivity to insulin by enhancing peripheral sensitivity in young individuals and elderly individuals.

TL;DR: An identifiable fraction of the population surveyed consumes vitamin A supplements at 25,000 IU/d and a few individuals consume much more, while beta-Carotene is much less toxic than vitamin A.

TL;DR: Diet failed to provide an adequate amount of vitamin D for volunteers who had minimal outdoor activity and use of a multivitamin supplement maintained serum 25(OH)D concentrations greater than 37.5 nmol/L.

TL;DR: Diet composition may play as important a role in fat deposition as do energy intake and lack of exercise in adults, and data suggest that diet composition may be as important as exercise in determining body fat levels.

TL;DR: It is concluded that BMIs should be used with caution as indicators of obesity because of the wide variation for individuals between densitometrically determined body fat and body fat as estimated by BMIs.

TL;DR: The results suggest that lactate and triglyceride production and increased vascular smooth muscle tone may be responsible for the major part of the thermogenic effect of caffeine.

TL;DR: Improved four-compartment body composition models can be developed from increasingly available techniques that compare favorably with similar results derived from limited-access instrumentation.

TL;DR: Nine healthy volunteers were studied before, during, and after ingesting a fermented dairy product containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and mesophilic cultures for 3 wk to assess fermentation capacity of the colonic flora.

TL;DR: In a population of free-living women, prior weight loss and younger age are far stronger predictors of subsequent weight gain than are the qualitative aspects of diet.

TL;DR: In general, subjects practicing vigorous activities on a regular basis had lower subcutaneous skinfold thicknesses and waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs) than those not performing these activities.

TL;DR: The risk of developing at least one complication while on the GRU was found to correlate with, in order of significance, functional status as admission, serum albumin concentration at admission, amount of weight lost in the year before admission, and the presence or absence of a renal or pulmonary disease.

TL;DR: The FLEX HR method provides a close estimation of the TEE of population groups, however, an increased number of sampling days may improve the precision of individual estimates of TEE.

TL;DR: Body composition was measured in a group of 35 healthy men and 37 healthy women aged 60-83 y and BMI was low in relation to body fat percentage as determined by skinfold-thickness measurements or densitometry in comparison with the relation found in younger adults.

TL;DR: Rises in the frequencies of older gravidas (ages 35-50 y), gravidas who had diabetes mellitus, children who had major congenital malformations, and dizygous twins made major contributions to the overall mortality increase.

TL;DR: The lower limit of the adapted state is best defined by serum ferritin greater than or equal to 12 micrograms/L, because lower values indicate that iron stores are fully depleted.

TL;DR: The present data suggest that breast cancer is associated inversely with energy intake and weakly positively with energy-adjusted fat intake.

TL;DR: In this paper, a search was conducted of published individual assessments of food intake since 1920, and one hundred seventy-one studies, ranging from 8 to 20,000 subjects and covering all ages, all ethnic groups, and both sexes, were analyzed by regression, with values weighted by number of subjects in each study.

TL;DR: This combined iodine and selenium deficiency could be associated with the elevated frequency of endemic myxedematous cretinism in Central Africa.