Journal ArticleDOI
Sex differences in depression: a role for preexisting anxiety
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The results suggest that the higher occurrence of anxiety disorders in females than males beginning early in life might explain in large part the higher female risk for major depression.Abstract:
The role of anxiety disorders in the development of sex differences in major depression is analyzed. Data come from a longitudinal epidemiologic study of young adults in the Detroit, Michigan area. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule, revised according to DSM-III-R, was used at baseline to measure lifetime psychiatric disorders and at follow-up to measure psychiatric disorders during the 3.5-year interval since baseline assessment. Consistent with previous reports, the lifetime prevalence of major depression was nearly two-fold higher in females than in males. The sex difference was primarily in major depression comorbid with anxiety disorders. Results from Cox-proportional hazards models, with time-dependent covariates, showed that prior anxiety disorder increased the risk for subsequent major depression in both sexes, with no evidence of an interaction. History of anxiety disorder, including number of prior anxiety disorders, accounted for a considerable part of the observed sex difference in major depression. Controlling for prior anxiety reduced by more than 50% the coefficient that estimates the association between gender and major depression. The results suggest that the higher occurrence of anxiety disorders in females than males beginning early in life might explain in large part the higher female risk for major depression. They emphasize the need for further research on sex differences in anxiety disorders.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Cross-national epidemiology of major depression and bipolar disorder
Myrna M. Weissman,Roger C. Bland,Glorisa Canino,Carlo Faravelli,Steven Greenwald,Hai-Gwo Hwu,Peter R. Joyce,Elie G. Karam,C. K. Lee,Joseph Lellouch,J P Lépine,Stephen C. Newman,Maritza Rubio-Stipec,J. E. Wells,Priya Wickramaratne,Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,E.-K. Yeh +16 more
TL;DR: There are striking similarities across countries in patterns of major depression and of bipolar disorder and the differences in rates for major depression across countries suggest that cultural differences or different risk factors affect the expression of the disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gender differences in depression. Critical review.
Marco Piccinelli,Greg Wilkinson +1 more
TL;DR: Determinants of gender differences in depressive disorders are far from being established and their combination into integrated aetiological models continues to be lacking.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale Construction and Psychometric Characteristics
Boris Birmaher,Suneeta Khetarpal,David A. Brent,Marlane Cully,Lisa Balach,Joan Kaufman,Sandra Mc Kenzie Neer +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a reliable and valid child and parent self-report instrument to screen children with anxiety disorders using an 85-item questionnaire, which was administered to 341 outpatient children and adolescents and 300 parents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I.
Boris Birmaher,Neal D. Ryan,Douglas E. Williamson,David A. Brent,Joan Kaufman,Ronald E. Dahl,James M. Perel,Beverly Nelson +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors qualitatively review the literature of the past decade covering the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, natural course, biology, and other correlates of early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymic disorder (DD).
Journal ArticleDOI
The circumplex model of affect: an integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology
TL;DR: It is proposed that basic emotion theories no longer explain adequately the vast number of empirical observations from studies in affective neuroscience, and it is suggested that a conceptual shift is needed in the empirical approaches taken to the study of emotion and affective psychopathologies.
References
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Edward L. Kaplan,Paul Meier +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the product-limit (PL) estimator was proposed to estimate the proportion of items in the population whose lifetimes would exceed t (in the absence of such losses), without making any assumption about the form of the function P(t).
Book ChapterDOI
Regression Models and Life-Tables
TL;DR: The analysis of censored failure times is considered in this paper, where the hazard function is taken to be a function of the explanatory variables and unknown regression coefficients multiplied by an arbitrary and unknown function of time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey
Ronald C. Kessler,Katherine A. McGonagle,Shanyang Zhao,Christopher B. Nelson,Michael R. Hughes,Suzann Eshleman,Hans-Ulrich Wittchen,Kenneth S. Kendler +7 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is greater than previously thought to be the case, and morbidity is more highly concentrated than previously recognized in roughly one sixth of the population who have a history of three or more comorbid disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
On estimating the relation between blood group and disease.
TL;DR: The use of x is recommended instead of d as a criterion of differential incidence of disease in relation to blood group, and in all statistical computations it is best to transform x into its logarithm.