Journal ArticleDOI
Sex differences in research productivity : New evidence about an old puzzle
Yu Xie,Kimberlee A. Shauman +1 more
TLDR
Analysis of data from four large, nationally representative, cross-sectional surveys of postsecondary faculty in 1969, 1973, 1988, and 1993 suggests that sex Differences in research productivity stem from sex differences in structural locations and respond to the secular improvement of women's position in science.Abstract:
Numerous studies have found that female scientists publish at lower rates than male scientists. So far explanations for this consistent pattern have failed to emerge, and sex differences in research productivity remain a puzzle. We report new empirical evidence based on a systematic and detailed analysis of data from four large, nationally representative, cross-sectional surveys of postsecondary faculty in 1969, 1973, 1988, and 1993. Our research yields two main findings. First, sex differences in research productivity declined over the time period studied, with the female-to-male ratio increasing from about 60 percent in the late 1960s to 75 to 80 percent in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Second, most of the observed sex differences in research productivity can be attributed to sex differences in personal characteristics, structural positions, and marital status. These results suggest that sex differences in research productivity stem from sex differences in structural locations and as such respond to the secular improvement of women's position in science.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Research Collaboration on Scientific Productivity
Sooho Lee,Barry Bozeman +1 more
TL;DR: Based on the curricula vitae and survey responses of 443 academic scientists affiliated with university research centers in the USA, the authors examined the longstanding assumption that research collaborati cation is collaborative.
Journal ArticleDOI
Marginality and Problem-Solving Effectiveness in Broadcast Search
TL;DR: Female solvers---known to be in the “outer circle” of the scientific establishment---performed significantly better than men in developing successful solutions, and the value of openness is demonstrated in removing barriers to entry to nonobvious individuals.
Book ChapterDOI
The Economics of Science
TL;DR: The authors examines the contributions that economists have made to the study of science and the types of contributions the profession is positioned to make in the future, focusing on the public nature of knowledge and characteristics of the reward structure that encourage the production and sharing of knowledge.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding current causes of women’s underrepresentation in science
TL;DR: It is concluded that differential gendered outcomes in the real world result from differences in resources attributable to choices, whether free or constrained, and that such choices could be influenced and better informed through education if resources were so directed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Women in Academic Science: A Changing Landscape
TL;DR: Although in the past, gender discrimination was an important cause of women’s underrepresentation in scientific academic careers, this claim has continued to be invoked after it has ceased being a valid cause, and the results reveal that early sex differences in spatial and mathematical reasoning need not stem from biological bases.
References
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Book
Generalized Linear Models
Peter McCullagh,John A. Nelder +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a generalization of the analysis of variance is given for these models using log- likelihoods, illustrated by examples relating to four distributions; the Normal, Binomial (probit analysis, etc.), Poisson (contingency tables), and gamma (variance components).
Book
Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a survey of the use of truncated distributions in the context of unions and wages, and some results on truncated distribution Bibliography Index and references therein.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized Linear Models
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used iterative weighted linear regression to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters with observations distributed according to some exponential family and systematic effects that can be made linear by a suitable transformation.
Book
The Second Shift: Working Families and the Revolution at Home
TL;DR: Hochschild as mentioned in this paper found that men share housework equally with their wives in only twenty percent of dual-career families, and that women tend to suffer from chronic exhaustion, low sex drive, and more frequent illness as a result.