Journal ArticleDOI
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures
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TLDR
In this article, a general null model based on modified independence among variables is proposed to provide an additional reference point for the statistical and scientific evaluation of covariance structure models, and the importance of supplementing statistical evaluation with incremental fit indices associated with the comparison of hierarchical models.Abstract:
Factor analysis, path analysis, structural equation modeling, and related multivariate statistical methods are based on maximum likelihood or generalized least squares estimation developed for covariance structure models. Large-sample theory provides a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for comparing a model against a general alternative model based on correlated variables. This model comparison is insufficient for model evaluation: In large samples virtually any model tends to be rejected as inadequate, and in small samples various competing models, if evaluated, might be equally acceptable. A general null model based on modified independence among variables is proposed to provide an additional reference point for the statistical and scientific evaluation of covariance structure models. Use of the null model in the context of a procedure that sequentially evaluates the statistical necessity of various sets of parameters places statistical methods in covariance structure analysis into a more complete framework. The concepts of ideal models and pseudo chi-square tests are introduced, and their roles in hypothesis testing are developed. The importance of supplementing statistical evaluation with incremental fit indices associated with the comparison of hierarchical models is also emphasized. Normed and nonnormed fit indices are developed and illustrated.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
Li-tze Hu,Peter M. Bentler +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the adequacy of the conventional cutoff criteria and several new alternatives for various fit indexes used to evaluate model fit in practice were examined, and the results suggest that, for the ML method, a cutoff value close to.95 for TLI, BL89, CFI, RNI, and G...
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Claes Fornell,David F. Larcker +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the statistical tests used in the analysis of structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error are examined, and a drawback of the commonly applied chi square test, in additit...
Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User
TL;DR: Regression analyses suggest that perceived ease of use may actually be a causal antecdent to perceived usefulness, as opposed to a parallel, direct determinant of system usage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidance for substantive researchers on the use of structural equation modeling in practice for theory testing and development, and present a comprehensive, two-step modeling approach that employs a series of nested models and sequential chi-square difference tests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative fit indexes in structural models
TL;DR: A new coefficient is proposed to summarize the relative reduction in the noncentrality parameters of two nested models and two estimators of the coefficient yield new normed (CFI) and nonnormed (FI) fit indexes.
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model of attitude behavior relations in the context of models of attitude-behavior relations, including structural, structural, and path diagrams, and model specification and research design.
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On the use and interpretation of certain test criteria for purposes of statistical inference part i
Jerzy Neyman,Egon S. Pearson +1 more
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Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives
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