Journal ArticleDOI
Simulating speech systems
Norman Fraser,Nigel Gilbert +1 more
TLDR
The “Wizard of Oz” technique for simulating future interactive technology and a partial taxonomy of such simulations is reviewed and a general Wizard of Oz methodology is suggested.About:
This article is published in Computer Speech & Language.The article was published on 1991-01-01. It has received 425 citations till now.read more
Citations
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Book
Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition
Dan Jurafsky,James Martin +1 more
TL;DR: This book takes an empirical approach to language processing, based on applying statistical and other machine-learning algorithms to large corpora, to demonstrate how the same algorithm can be used for speech recognition and word-sense disambiguation.
Book
Speech and Language Processing
Dan Jurafsky,James Martin +1 more
TL;DR: It is now clear that HAL's creator, Arthur C. Clarke, was a little optimistic in predicting when an artificial agent such as HAL would be avail-able as discussed by the authors.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Wizard of Oz studies: why and how
TL;DR: It is concluded that empirical studies of the unique qualities of man-machine interaction as distinct from general human discourse are required for the development of user-friendly interactive systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wizard of Oz studies — why and how
DahlbäckN.,JönssonA.,AhrenbergL. +2 more
TL;DR: The focus of the work described in the paper is on the practical execution of the studies and the methodological conclusions drawn on the basis of the authors' experience, and the methods used and the conclusions drawn are of relevance also to other kinds of intelligent interfaces.
Book
Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a glossary for language analysis and understanding in the context of spoken language input and output technologies, and evaluate their work with a set of annotated corpora.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An iterative design methodology for user-friendly natural language office information applications
TL;DR: A six-step, iterative, empirical human factors design methodology was used to develop CAL, a natural language computer application to help computer-naive business professionals manage their personal calenders and its dictionaries.
Book
The representation and use of focus in dialogue understanding.
TL;DR: The ability to represent focus of attention in a languageunderstanding system results in a new approach to an important problemin discourse comprehension -- the identification of the referents ofdefinite noun phrases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Building a user-derived interface
TL;DR: Through careful observation and analysis of user behavior, a mail interface unusable byNovices evolved into one that let novices do useful work within minutes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polite responses to polite requests
Herbert H. Clark,Dale H. Schunk +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that people ordinarily compute both the literal and the indirect meanings of indirect requests if they are to recognize when the speaker is and isn't being polite, and if they want to respond politely, impolitely, or even neutrally.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
An empirical methodology for writing user-friendly natural language computer applications
TL;DR: This research demonstrates that the methodological tools of the engineering psychologist can help build user-friendly software that accommodates the unruly language of computer-naive, first-time users by eliciting the cooperation of such users as partners in an iterative, empirical development process.