Journal ArticleDOI
Sleep in subjects with autistic disorder: a neurophysiological and psychological study
Maurizio Elia,Raffaele Ferri,Sebastiano A. Musumeci,Stefano Del Gracco,M. Bottitta,Carmela Scuderi,Giuseppe Miano,Simonetta Panerai,Thierry Bertrand,Jean Claude Grubar +9 more
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TLDR
The results suggest the existence of a sleep pattern in autistic patients different from that observed in subjects with mental retardation and from that of normal controls, and indicate that sleep parameters in these patients are correlated with some psychological indices generally used for the diagnosis of autistic disorder.Abstract:
Polysomnography (EOG, EEG, EMG) was carried out in 17 male children and adolescents with autistic disorder, in seven patients with mental retardation and fragile X syndrome, and in five age- and sex-matched normal male subjects. Density of rapid eye movements was not significantly different in the three groups of subjects; however, some sleep parameters such as time in bed, sleep period time, and total sleep time were significantly lower in subjects with autistic disorder than in normal controls; moreover, patients with autistic disorder showed values of sleep period time, first REM latency and percent (%) sleep stage 1 lower than those of patients with fragile X syndrome with mental retardation. Density of muscle twitches was significantly higher in patients with autistic disorder than in normal controls. In contrast only minor differences were observed between patients with autistic disorder and those with fragile X syndrome with mental retardation. Furthermore, some psychoeducational profile-revised items such as perception and eye-hand coordination, showed significant correlation with some sleep parameters (time in bed, sleep latency, stage shifts, first REM latency and wakefulness after sleep onset). Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores to visual response and non-verbal communication showed significant correlation with some tonic sleep parameters, such as sleep period time, wakefulness after sleep onset, and total sleep time. Relating to people and activity level items were found to be significantly correlated with rapid eye movement density. Our results suggest the existence of a sleep pattern in autistic patients different from that observed in subjects with mental retardation and from that of normal controls. In addition, these findings indicate that sleep parameters in these patients are correlated with some psychological indices generally used for the diagnosis of autistic disorder; for this reason, polysomnographies might be useful in the comprehension of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this condition.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents.
Alice M. Gregory,Avi Sadeh +1 more
TL;DR: A review of key findings with regard to the links between sleep and associated difficulties in childhood and adolescence proposes a selection of possible mechanisms underlying some of these associations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sleep and mental disorders: A meta-analysis of polysomnographic research.
Chiara Baglioni,Svetoslava Nanovska,Wolfram Regen,Kai Spiegelhalder,Bernd Feige,Christoph Nissen,Charles F. Reynolds,Dieter Riemann +7 more
TL;DR: A meta-analysis aimed at determining the polysomnographic characteristics of several mental disorders found sleep depth and REM pressure alterations were associated with affective, anxiety, autism and schizophrenia disorders, and comorbidity was associated with enhanced REM sleep pressure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sleep problems in autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, nature, & possible biopsychosocial aetiologies.
TL;DR: It is concluded that recent studies confirm that the majority of this population are likely to experience sleep difficulties, with settling issues in children with an ASD the most commonly reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropeptides and neurotrophins in neonatal blood of children with autism or mental retardation.
Karin B. Nelson,Judith K. Grether,Lisa A. Croen,James M. Dambrosia,Benjamin F. Dickens,Laura L. Jelliffe,Robin L Hansen,Terry M. Phillips +7 more
TL;DR: In autism and in a heterogeneous group of disorders of cognitive function, overexpression of certain neuropeptides and neurotrophins was observed in peripheral blood drawn in the first days of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atypical behaviors in children with autism and children with a history of language impairment.
Kelli C. Dominick,Naomi Ornstein Davis,Janet E. Lainhart,Helen Tager-Flusberg,Susan E. Folstein +4 more
TL;DR: Having more atypical behaviors was related to increased restricted, repetitive behaviors in children with autism and children with a history of language impairment (HLI), and sleep abnormalities were more common in children diagnosed with major depression.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects.
TL;DR: Techniques of recording, scoring, and doubtful records are carefully considered, and Recommendations for abbreviations, types of pictorial representation, order of polygraphic tracings are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-Parametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences.
Alan Stuart,S. Siegel +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS).
TL;DR: In 1966, when an outpatient treatment program for autistic children and their families was initiated, there were two major sets of guidelines for diagnosing the children who were referred to the program, and the most promising at tempt to translate the Kanner definition into an empirical rating scale was the Rimland Checklist.
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