International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
National Seminar on Recent Trends in Data Mining (RTDM 2016)
6
Smart Home Automation: A Literature Review
Vaishnavi S. Gunge
Walchand Institute of Technology
Solapur
Pratibha S. Yalagi
Walchand Institute of Technology
Solapur
ABSTRACT
Home automation is becoming popular due to its numerous
benefits. Home automation refers to the control of home
appliances and domestic features by local networking or by
remote control. Artificial Intelligence provides us the
framework to go real-time decision and automation for
Internet of Things (IoT).The work deals with discussion about
different intelligent home automation systems and
technologies from a various features standpoint. The work
focuses on concept of home automation where the monitoring
and control operations are facilitating through smart devices
installed in residential buildings. Heterogeneous home-
automation systems and technologies considered in review
with central controller based (Arduino or Raspberry pi), web
based, email based, Bluetooth-based, mobile-based, SMS
based, ZigBee based, Dual Tone Multi Frequency-based,
cloud-based and the Internet with performance.
Keywords
Home-Automation, Intelligence, Microcontroller, Sensor
System, User-friendly Interface
1. INTRODUCTION
Automation is a technique, method, or system of operating or
controlling a process by electronic devices with reducing
human involvement to a minimum. The fundamental of
building an automation system for an office or home is
increasing day-by-day with numerous benefits. Industrialist
and researchers are working to build efficient and
affordability automatic systems to monitor and control
different machines like lights, fans, AC based on the
requirement. Automation makes not only an efficient but also
an economical use of the electricity and water and reduces
much of the wastage [5].
IoT grant to people and things to be connected Any-time,
anyplace, with anyone, ideally using any network and any
service [10]. Automation is another important application of
IoT technologies. It is the monitoring of the energy
consumption and the Controlling the environment in
buildings, schools, offices and museums by using different
types of sensors and actuators that control lights, temperature,
and humidity.
2. HOME AUTOMATION
The Smart home known as House automation, with the use of
new technology, to make the domestic activities more
convenient, comfortable, secure and economical. The home
automation system includes main components which are:
User interface: as a monitor, computer, or Phone, for
example, that can give orders to control System.
Mode of transmission: wired connections (example Ethernet)
or Wireless (radio waves, infrared, Bluetooth, GSM) etc.
Central Controller: It is hardware interface that
communicates with user interface by controlling domestic
services
Electronic devices, a lamp, an AC or a heater, which is
compatible with the transmission mode, and connected to the
Central control system.
The “Figure 1” shows projected trends in the smart home
market in the coming year [10].
Figure 1: Popularity of Smart home in market
2.1 Features of Home Automation System
In recent years, wireless systems like Remote Control have
become more popular in home networking. Also in
automation systems, the use of wireless technologies provide
several advantages that could not be achieved with the use of
a wired network only.
2.1.1 Reduced Installation costs
Installation costs are significantly reduced since no cabling is
necessary.
2.1.2 Internet Connectivity
Control devices from anywhere in the world with use mobile
phones to control smart home.
2.1.3 Scalable and Expandable
With the Compare of Wireless network is especially useful
when, due to New or changed requirements, an extension of
the network is necessary.
2.1.4 Security
Easily add devices to create an integrated smart home security
system and built-in security ensures integrity of smart home.
2.2 Challenges of Home Automation
System
The work of John J. Greichen [12] discussed some of the early
challenges faced by home automation systems. These include
high manufacturing costs, high development costs, high
installation costs, additional service and support costs, lack of
home automation standards, consumer unfamiliarity with
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
National Seminar on Recent Trends in Data Mining (RTDM 2016)
7
technology, and complex user interfaces. With the
advancement of time, rapid development in technology and
processing power which leads to a considerable reduction in
device cost and size. All of these factors have contributed to
the popularity of electronic devices today, so people are no
longer confused or unsure about the use of the computer,
mobiles, or tablets. Moreover, a lot of home automation
protocols, communication and interface standards.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
In this section, discussed different Home Automation System
with their technology with features, benefit and limitations
they have. “The Figure 2” shows Basic Architecture of
Remote Home Automation.
Figure 2: Basic Block Diagram of Home Automation
The Home automation system that uses Wi-Fi technology [1].
System consists of three main components; web server, which
presents system core that controls, and monitors users’ home
and hardware interface module(Arduino PCB (ready-made),
Wi-Fi shield PCB, 3 input alarms PCB, and 3 output actuators
PCB.), which provides appropriate interface to sensors and
actuator of home automation system. The System is better
from the scalability and flexibility point of view than the
commercially available home automation systems. The User
may use the same technology to login to the server web based
application. .If server is connected to the internet, so remote
users can access server web based application through the
internet using compatible web browser.
The application has been developed based on the android
system [2]. An interface card has been developed to assure
communication between the remote user, server, raspberry pi
card and the home Appliances. The application has been
installed on an android Smartphone, a web server, and a
raspberry pi card to control the shutter of windows. Android
application on a smartphone issue command to raspberry pi
card. An interface card has been realized to update signals
between the actuator sensors and the raspberry pi card.
Cloud-based home appliance monitoring and controlling
System. Design and implement a home gateway to collect
metadata from home appliances and send to the cloud-based
data server to store on HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File
System), process them using MapReduce and use to provide a
monitoring function to Remote user [3].
It has been implemented with Raspberry Pi through reading
the subject of E-mail and the algorithm. Raspberry Pi proves
to be a powerful, economic and efficient platform for
implementing the smart home automation [4].Raspberry pi
based home automation is better than other home automation
methods is several ways. For example, in home automation
through DTMF (dual tone multi-frequency) [11], the call tariff
is a huge disadvantage, which is not the case in their proposed
method. Also, in Web server based home automation, the
design of web server and the memory space required is
ejected by this method, because it simply uses the already
existing web server service provided by G-mail. LEDs were
used to indicate the switching action. System is interactive,
efficient and flexible.
Shih-Pang Tseng et al. [5] proposed Smart House Monitor &
Manager (SHMM), based on the ZigBee, all sensors and
actuators are connected by a ZigBee wireless network. They
designed a simple smart socket, which can remote control via
ZigBee. PC host is used as a data collector and the motion
sensing, all sensing data are transferred to the VM in the
cloud. The user can use the PC or Android phone to monitor
or control through the Internet to power-saving of the house.
Arduino microcontroller to receive user commands to execute
through an Ethernet shield. Our house network used together
both wireless ZigBee and wired X10 technologies [6]. This
system followed smart task scheduling with a heuristic for the
Resource-constrained-scheduling problem (RCPSP). The
mobile device can be either wired to the central controller
through USB cable or communicates with it wirelessly, within
the scope of the home. Arduino contains the web server
application that communicates through the HTTP protocol
with Web-based Android application. The system is highly
flexible and scalable and expandable.
The home network which monitors the appliances and sensors
and transmits data to the cloud-based data server which
manages the information and provides services for users by
transmitting data and receiving user commands from mobile
application [7]. The proposed system has good modularity and
configurability characteristics with very low power
consumption in cost efficient way.
Application developed using the Android platform controlled
and monitored from a remote location using the smart home
app and an Arduino Ethernet based micro web-server [8]. The
sensors and actuators/relays are directly interfaced to the main
controller. Proposed design offers are the control of energy
management systems such as lightings, heating, air
conditioning, security, fire detection and intrusion detection
with siren and email notifications.
Embedded system Raspberry Pi to serve as a communication
gateway between mobile devices and Konnex-Bus (KNX)
home automation systems [9]. Store the information of all
actors and sensors within a Smart Home, instead of using
separate profiles. Ensures energy-consumption could be
reduced, compared to a standard desktop computer.
Dual tone multi frequency (DTMF) used in telephone lines
[13]. There are three components in the system DTMF
receiver and ring detector, IO interface unit, PC. The PC
detects the ringing of the line and then authenticates the user
and use the keypad tones to control the devices as required.
An example of stepper motor control is taken up. This system
has the advantage of being secure and allowing international
standardization. This is because the DTMF tones are the same
all over the world. But it suffers from the drawback that the
number of appliances is limited by the number of keys in the
keypad.
PIC16F887 microcontroller for home appliances controls
with GSM for control of the appliances. [14]. It has high
availability, coverage and security but the cost of SMS. AT
commands can be sent through the GSM network to controls
the home devices. The system does not does not have any
Device,
Things or
Machine
Central
Controller
Controlling
System
User
Interface
Check
Status
Via Ethernet,
Bluetooth, GSM, Wi-Fi
Sensor
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
National Seminar on Recent Trends in Data Mining (RTDM 2016)
8
state information related to the devices and expects the user to
keep track of it.
Arduino board is the controller used to control the appliances
by using GSM technology. It uses certain peripheral drivers
and relays to achieve this interfacing. The application on
smartphone generates SMS messages based on the user
commands and sends it to the GSM modem attached to the
Arduino and control the home appliances [15]. The system
has drawbacks of cost and reliability of SMS. An interface
cannot be customized based on devices.
It has been designed Arduino board with Bluetooth board
were developed for home automation [16]. Python program is
used on the cell phone to provide the user interface. The
Bluetooth board has I/O ports and relays are used for
interfacing with the devices which are to be controlled and
monitor. The Bluetooth is password protected to ensure that
the system is secure from intruders. The Bluetooth has a range
of 10 to 100.
3.1 Compassion of System
Discussed Comparison of Different Home Automation
Systems by considering its Central Microcontroller,
Communication interface, User interface, provided features
and their benefits as shown in “Table 1”.
3.2 Evolution of System
3.2.1 Raspberry Pi
It is a credit-card-sized single microcontroller computer.
Python as the main programming language. It is easy to learn
and suitable for real world applications [4]. There are two
main types of pi first one is Model A has 25 6Mb RAM, one
USB port and no network connection and Model B has 5
12Mb RAM, 2 USB ports and an Ethernet port. It has a
Broadcom BCM2835 system on a chip which includes an
ARMl176JZF -S 700 MHz processor, Video Core IV GPU,
and an SD card. The chip specifically provides HDMI and
there is no VGA support. Arduino can successfully work with
Raspberry Pi Computers.
3.2.2 Arduino
It is a microcontroller board, not fully computers. In this,
written codes are simply executed without any obstacle. It is
an 8 bit Atmel AVR Microcontroller which comprises of 32K
and 512K of onboard flash memory, 2K of RAM, runs at 8-
84MHz clock speeds with voltages of 2.7V-12V.programming
is done using C and carries no operating system. The code is
written in the computer and then sent through USB cable for
execution. Its construction simply covers digital input-output
pins that are between 9-54 AND 6-12 analog input pins. Its
power consumption is less than 0.5 watt.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Based on surveyed study the comparison of home automation
systems are presented. Microcontroller, user interface, a
communication interface and their performance factor are
compared. There are a number of do-it-yourself (DIY)
platforms available that allow to create Home Automation
system quickly and easily with low cost and high performance
e.g. Raspberry pi, Arduino, other microcontrollers, etc. In this
review explained different home automation system e.g. Web
based, email based, Bluetooth-based, mobile-based, SMS
based, ZigBee-based, Dual Tone Multi Frequency-based,
cloud-based and Internet based. In future home automation
will more smart and fast. It would be extended to the large-
scale environment such as colleges, offices and factories etc.
Table 1. Comparison
Sr
No.
System
Communication
Interface
Controller
User
Interface
Applications
Benefits
1.
Wi-Fi based using
Arduino
Microcontroller
Wireless LAN
and Wi-Fi shield
Hardware
interface
module
web based
Application.
Temperature and
humidity, Motion
detection, Fire
detection, Door
status, Light level
,Video monitoring,
Controlling
appliances
Low cost,
Secure,
Ubiquitously
accessible, Auto-
configurable,
Remotely
controlled
2.
Web service and
android app Based
using Raspberry pi
Web server and
interface card
Raspberry pi
Android
application
Controlling shutter
of window
Autonomous,
and Quite
scalable
3.
Cloud Based Using
Hadoop System
Cloud based data
server uses
Hadoop
Technology
Home gateway
and Router
Smart
device
Monitoring and
Controlling Home
Appliances
Effectively
manage
Semi structured
and
unstructured
data, Reduce
computational
burden of smart
devices
4.
Email Based using
Raspberry pi
Internet Modem
Raspberry pi
E-mail
Switching LED
Smart,
Economic and
Efficient
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
National Seminar on Recent Trends in Data Mining (RTDM 2016)
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5.
Cloud Based Using Zig
Bee Microcontroller
Zig bee wireless
Network
Smart Socket
PC or
Android
Phone
entrance control
management,
monitoring the
power
consumption,
temperature
and humidity
Convenience,
safety,
and Power-
saving
6.
Smart Task Scheduling
Based
using Arduino and
Android
Wired X10 and
Wireless Zig bee
Arduino
Android
Application
Energy
Management and
task scheduling
with power and
cost
Energy-efficient
and
Highly scalable
7.
Wireless Sensors
Based with mobile
Technology
cloud-based data
server
PCB circuits
Mobile
Application
monitor the home
conditions and
power consumption
of appliance
Low power
consumption
And system cost
efficiency.
8.
Android based using
Arduino
Micro Web
Server
Arduino Mega
2560 and the
Arduino
Ethernet shield
Android
App
Light
switches,
Temperature
,Humidity sensors,
Intrusion detection,,
Smoke/Gas sensor
Feasibility and
Effectiveness
9.
Konnex-Bus based
using raspberry pi
SIP Provider
Raspberry pi
and Konnex
Bus
Mobile App
Lights Control,
Temperature
Monitoring
Performance
improved
,energy-
consumption
could be
Reduced.
10.
By Using DTMF
DTMF Receiver
Logical
Controller with
I/O interface
Computer
Authentication of
user by ringing line
Secure and allow
International
Standard
11.
GSM Based Using PIC
Microcontroller
SMS
PIC16F887
microcontroller
Mobile
phone
Control appliances
High
availability,
coverage and
Security but
costs for the
SMS.
12.
GSM Based Using
Arduino
SMS
Arduino
Smartphone
App
Control appliances
Simplicity
13.
Bluetooth Based using
Arduino
Bluetooth
Arduino
Python
supported
mobile
controlling
Secured and
Low cost
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International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
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