Journal ArticleDOI
Some Aspects of the Organization of Fish Schools
Jon C. van Olst,John R. Hunter +1 more
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School organization differed among species at the adult stage; schools of Scomber were typically the most compact and organized; Trachurus and Engraulis schools were intermediate in their organization and Atherinops schools were the least organized.Abstract:
The objective of this study was to describe the organization of schools of the pelagic marine fishes Scomber japonicus, Trachurus symmetricus, Engraulis mordax, Atherinopsis californiensis, and Atherinops affinis. Organization was studied in larval through adult stages by analysis of spatial and angular relations among fish in dorsal photographs of schools.In all species, schools of young fish, larval and juveniles, were typically less compact and showed greater differences in angular headings than did schools of adult fish. The rate at which school structure changed with size varied among species; it was rapid in Scomber and the atherinids and slower in Engraulis and Trachurus. School organization differed among species at the adult stage. Schools of Scomber were typically the most compact and organized; Trachurus and Engraulis schools were intermediate in their organization and Atherinops schools were the least organized.Spatial and angular measurements were also used to develop inferences regarding the...read more
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Book ChapterDOI
The Biology of the Clupeoid Fishes
J.H.S. Blaxter,J.R. Hunter +1 more
TL;DR: The aim of this chapter is to describe the present status of knowledge on the behavior and physiology of clupeoids with particular reference to their ecology.
Book ChapterDOI
1 - Form, Function, and Locomotory Habits in Fish
TL;DR: Some fish are capable of brief aerial locomotion by passive gliding rather than by flying (and swim underwater by conventional body undulations), comparable to those restricted groups of mammals, amphibians, and reptiles that can glide but are not primarily adapted to this mode of locomotion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydromechanics of Fish Schooling
TL;DR: Hydrodynamical effects appear to be important to obligate schooling species, and the endurance of the fish is found to be increased twice to six times when in schools.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Sensory Basis of Fish Schools: Relative Roles of Lateral Line and Vision*
TL;DR: The role of the lateral line in schooling is much greater than has been recognised previously and is suggested to be maintained by opposing forces of attraction and repulsion mediated by stimuli perceived by the visual and lateralis systems respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
The simulation of the movement of fish schools
Andreas Huth,Christian Wissel +1 more
TL;DR: The authors' investigations show that it is very important how a fish mixes the influences of its neighbours, and the model fish group shows the typical characteristics of a real fish school: strong cohesion and high degree of polarization.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Methods for measuring the three-dimensional structure of fish schools.
TL;DR: Two methods are described for measuring the three-dimensional co-ordinates of the individual fish in a school photographed from above using a double-prism device and the Shadow Method.