In this paper, we present Raman scattering and luminescence of poly-paraphenylene vinylene/single-walled carbon nanotubes composites, focused on data recorded in the anti-Stokes branch. We demonstrate that, when the excitation energy is in the long wavelength tail of the fundamental absorption edge, an anti-Stokes signal is generated, whose origin is a photon absorption accompanied by a phonon process from lower to upper vibronic states. The efficiency of this anti-Stokes photo-luminescence is increased when composites films are deposited onto an Au rough surface acting as a surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate. This mechanism is explained by a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering-like process, as observed in other nano-structured materials.

Surfaces of enhanced roughness

Raman scattering and anti-Stokes luminescence in poly-paraphenylene vinylene/carbon nanotubes composites

A study of the formation of Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) using near-infrared femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films deposited over gold substrates has been carried out. We report the influence of the gold substrate roughness and the PET film thickness on LIPSS formation and analyze it in terms of the features of the electric field distribution obtained by computer simulations using COMSOLTM. We obtain LIPSS with periods close to the irradiation wavelength as long as the aforementioned substrate and film parameters remain below certain threshold values, in particular for polymer thicknesses below 200 nm and substrate roughness of few nm. However, experiments show the impossibility of LIPSS formation for rough substrates as well as thick films above these threshold values. In our numerical simulations, we notice the generation of Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) in the film-substrate interface that gives rise to a periodical field pattern on the surface of the thin film. This periodicity is broken for a certain level of substrate roughness or film thickness. Moreover, the evolution of the period of the SPP as the substrate roughness and film thickness change for given laser parameters is qualitatively in good agreement with the experimental LIPSS period (below but close to the irradiation laser wavelength). In conclusion, the experimental findings are explained by the formation and behavior of SPP in the thin film-substrate interface. On these grounds, we propose that, for our case of study, this SPP formation and the subsequent inhomogeneous rise in temperature induced by the periodic field on the surface of the sample is the leading mechanism contributing to LIPSS formation. 

Influence of film thickness and substrate roughness on the formation of laser induced periodic surface structures in poly(ethylene terephthalate) films deposited over gold substrates


 Nanometric metallic stripes allow the transmission of optical signals via the excitation and propagation of surface-localized evanescent electromagnetic waves, with important applications in the field of nano-photonics. Whereas this kind of plasmonic phenomena typically exploits noble metals, like Ag or Au, other materials can exhibit viable light-transport efficiency. In this work, we demonstrate the transport of visible light in nanometric niobium stripes coupled with a dielectric polymeric layer, exploiting the remotely-excited/detected Raman signal of black phosphorus (bP) as the probe. The light-transport mechanism is ascribed to the generation of surface plasmon polaritons at the Nb/polymer interface. The propagation length is limited due to the lossy nature of niobium in the optical range, but this material may allow the exploitation of specific functionalities that are absent in noble-metal counterparts.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2633-4356/aca5dd/pdf

Surfaces of enhanced roughness

Citations

Raman scattering and anti-Stokes luminescence in poly-paraphenylene vinylene/carbon nanotubes composites

Influence of film thickness and substrate roughness on the formation of laser induced periodic surface structures in poly(ethylene terephthalate) films deposited over gold substrates

Propagation of visible light in nanostructured niobium stripes embedded in a dielectric polymer

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