Journal ArticleDOI
Temporary gratings on germanium
T. A. Wiggins,Alfred Salik +1 more
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In this paper, the authors used two beams from a ruby laser inclined at an angle to each other to form a temporary grating on the surface of germanium, which appeared to be present only during the illumination and no visible damage was observed.Abstract:
Diffraction gratings have been formed on the surface of germanium using two beams from a ruby laser inclined at an angle to each other. Grating spacings from 2 to 20 μm have been formed that appear to be present only during the illumination and no visible damage is observed. Subsequent illumination with a single beam produces no observable diffracted beams. Permanent gratings in damaged areas can be produced with more intense beams. The intensity of a diffracted order appears to depend on the product of the intensities of the incident beams. Several applications of the temporary grating are suggested.read more
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Analysis and applications of optical diffraction by gratings
Thomas K. Gaylord,M. G. Moharam +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, an exact formulation of the grating diffraction problem without approximations is presented, using a series of fundamental assumptions, which reduces to the various existing approximate theories in the appropriate limits.
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Effective deep ultraviolet photoetching of polymethyl methacrylate by an excimer laser
TL;DR: In this article, a KrF excimer laser was used for photoetching of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for pulsed high power UV light, and the experimental results show that high power excimer lasers are the effective light source for UV photo-etching.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic non-linear optical processes in semiconductors
TL;DR: In this article, active non-linear optical effects in semiconductors are reviewed, which arise because of the dynamics of excited populations of charge carriers temporarily created in otherwise empty states when a beam of laser radiation is incident on the material.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of surface recombination velocity in semiconductors by diffraction from picosecond transient free-carrier gratings
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured surface recombination velocity by using a transient diffraction grating formed by an excess electron-hole plasma near the surface of the semiconductor, and showed that the method is specifically sensitive to surface recombinations velocity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laser-induced Grating Phenomena
TL;DR: The interference pattern of two laser beams induces periodical variations of the optical properties of matter (refractive index and absorption coefficient). Induced grating structures have been observed in absorbing liquids and solids, plasmas, laser materials, dye solutions and semiconductors as discussed by the authors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reflectivity of Metals at High Temperatures
TL;DR: In this paper, the reflectivity and other optical constants of metals at high temperatures are discussed on the basis of the Drude theory and the theory of electron-phonon collision.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous exposure and development technique for making gratings on positive photoresist
Won‐Tien Tsang,Shyh Wang +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a simultaneous exposure and development technique for diffraction gratings and recording holograms in positive photoresist is described, which not only reduces the exposure time significantly, but is also able to produce gratings with deep grooves and sharp ridges.