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Tentacular ultrastructure and feeding behaviour of Neopentadactyla mixta (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirota)

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TLDR
The fine structure and possible functions of the epithelium are described with reference to the behaviour of tentacles during feeding and the observations are compared with existing information on holothuroid feeding mechanisms.
Abstract
Suspension-feeding in the holothurian Neopentadactyla mixta (Ostergren), 1898 is accomplished by an adhesive secretion synthesized in modified retractable discs of epithelial cells located on the terminal tentacular nodes. Besides secretory cells, each disc epithelium is composed of three other cell types: ciliated, granular and nerve cells. The fine structure and possible functions of the epithelium are described with reference to the behaviour of tentacles during feeding and the observations are compared with existing information on holothuroid feeding mechanisms.

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Early development, settlement, growth, and spatial distribution of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

TL;DR: Overall, the growth rates were maximal during the spring and summer phytoplanktonic blooms with rising temperature, and field observations showed a size-dependent migration from photic to aphotic depths (≥40 m depth), when the animals reached sexual maturity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Development and metamorphosis of two psolid sea cucumbers,Psolus chitonoides andPsolidium bullatum, with a review of reproductive patterns in the family Psolidae (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata)

TL;DR: Timing of appearance and of loss of ciliary rings suggest that the rings function in vertical swimming and substratum selection behaviors in psolid sea cucumbers.
Journal ArticleDOI

Tentacle structure and feeding processes in life stages of the commercial sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus (Stimpson)

TL;DR: Tentacle structure and function in the pentacula larva, juvenile, and adult life stages of Parastichopus californiens (Stimpson) were examined via light and electron microscopy and it was found that mechanical entrapment is of secondary importance to adhesion during feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sperm transfer and storage in the brooding bivalve mysella tumida

TL;DR: Mysella tumida has a seasonal reproductive cycle at Patricia Bay, Vancouver Island, Canada, which is preceded by a period of exogonadal sperm storage, which persists for 1—4 months.
Journal ArticleDOI

Patterns of seasonal and tidal feeding activity in the dendrochirote sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa (Echinodermata:Holothuroidea) in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

TL;DR: In situ field observations of the suspension-feeding North Atlantic sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa from the Bay of Fundy, Canada, revealed a seasonal feeding rhythm, and seston quality is likely the major environmental variable influencing seasonal feeding behaviour and feeding rate.
References
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THE USE OF LEAD CITRATE AT HIGH pH AS AN ELECTRON-OPAQUE STAIN IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

TL;DR: The stain reported here differs from previous alkaline lead stains in that the chelating agent, citrate, is in sufficient excess to sequester all lead present, and is less likely to contaminate sections.
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