Showing papers in "Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology in 1978"

TL;DR: Field and culture studies on fucoid alga of the upper shore showed that their lower limits of distribution were determined largely by interspecific competition, with the possibility that differences in life history and palatibility to grazing molluscs contribute to the disparate competitive abilities of Pelvetia and Ascophyllum.

TL;DR: Fundulus heteroclitus from a North Carolina Spartina marsh teed largely on small crustaceans (amphipods, tanaids and copepods) and polychaetes and ingested considerable amounts of living plant material, and smaller individuals were distinctly carnivorous.

TL;DR: Gastropod adaptations conferring resistance to crushing by crabs include a thick shell, narrow or otherwise small aperture, thickened outer lip, strong sculpture, and a low spire, which lowers the critical size of the prey, which permits escape from cushing at a smaller size.

TL;DR: In low intertidal and subtidal regions, to ≈ 10 m depth, Mytulis edulis can be found in refuges of filamentous or intricately arranged substrata which generally offer protection from predation.

TL;DR: The maximum pelagic periods in each class of echinoderms were approximately double other estimates based on cultured larvae, suggesting a capacity for extensive dispersal in nature.

TL;DR: Ghost crabs have essentially no terrestrial competitors or predators on the beaches concerned and the stability of this simple food web in such a physically unstable environment may be attributed to the flexible feeding behavior of the predators and their ability to endure long periods of starvation, and to the prey having high biotic potential and dispersal rates.

TL;DR: The Hawaiian reef coral Pocillopora meandrina Dana is restricted to turbulent environments, while P. damicornis (L.) is most abundant on semi-protected reefs, while Montipora verrucosa (Lamarck) is characteristic of very calm environments.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the bulk of the polyphenols are not readily accessible as reserve components, and indicate that modifications may be needed in the ‘chemical defense’ and ‘waste product’ hypotheses concerning the significance of brown algal polyphenol.

TL;DR: It seems unlikely that environmental factors such as seasonal changes in light intensity, nutrient availability or water temperature were directly responsible for this loss of chlorophyll and it is suggested that this is a manifestation of general leaf senescence, probably induced by daylength changes but possibly enhanced by increased water temperature.

TL;DR: Measurements were made of the forces necessary to detach various South African Patella spp, with significant differences between the species, and P. cochlear Born.

TL;DR: Analysis of shell selection by the hermit crab provides evidence that hermit crabs select shells on the basis of several shell traits that bear on the protection offered by the shell or by the ease with which it can be carried.

TL;DR: The widespread introduction of large artificial substrata into the natural environment has considerably altered the structure of the natural habitat and constitutes a potentially important selective force for changes in settlement preferences, especially among species such as Hydractinia which persist and become abundant on these substrata.

TL;DR: Meiofauna samples collected around and between Spartina plants had either negative correlations with root biomass or no correlation, and Nematodes had higher densities around Uca pugnax (Smith) burrows than in controls, but copepods were less abundant, although the cause is unknown.

TL;DR: The results indicate that diatom growth can be manipulated to occur under specific conditions of light intensity and nutrient concentrations, and once diatomrowth has begun it appears to be more rapid than that of the flagellates.

TL;DR: A hyperbolic relation between size of Thais lapillus (L.) and preferred prey (Mytilus edulis L.) size has been found and values for oxygen consumption from a related study were used to predict growth and net energy intake values for Thais of different sizes.

TL;DR: Three kinds of diet were used to identify the critical periods of nutritional vulnerability during larval development of the portunid crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, and their implication to evolution of reproduction in the Brachyura is interpreted.

TL;DR: The energy budget of the oyster Ostrea edulis L. in the estuary of the Beaulieu River, Hampshire is described and total net growth efficiency declines rapidly during the first 6 years of life and then tends to become constant;Net growth efficiency of somatic tissue declines exponentially through the entire life of the Oyster.

TL;DR: The two reproductive behaviours result in average abundances of adults that are approximately the same, although the peaks are at different times of the year, indicating that Centropages typicus has a higher mortality between the egg and adult stages than Pseudocalanus sp.

TL;DR: Acid and alkaline phosphatases occur in the hepatopancreatic cells and are apparently concerned with several stages in the digestive cycle, including the synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes, the subsequent absorption of the products of extracellular digestion, and the active transport of metabolites across the cell membranes.

TL;DR: Fluctuations in phytoplankton, small copepods, and Pleurobrachia standing stocks, suggest that stirring may hasten progress to equilibrium among the components of the food web in the enclosures.

TL;DR: Water flow has been studied in six tube-dwelling animals that have different pumping mechanism and layout of their tube systems and the characteristics of the pumping mechanisms and the resistance of the tube systems have been found.

TL;DR: The hypothesis of critical tidal levels must be abandoned and the role of the effects of tidal rise and fall on the vertical distribution of intertidal species must be re-examined in any new hypotheses to account for observed patterns of zonation.

TL;DR: Reduced aggression and cooperative behavior by threespots withinlarge coral patches imparted a high degree of persistence stability to the population with adjustment stability being from replacement of threespot from the pool of wanderers.

TL;DR: The amphipod Caprella gorgonia Laubitz & Lewbel is an obligate commensal on gorgonian octocorals, which functions in mating-related intraspecific combat with other males, and in the laboratory, increased density in breeding groups may affect mortality due to male aggression.

TL;DR: In this article, weekly sampling was carried out in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia throughout the winter of 1975-1976, and the surface water column was characterized by exposure to low solar radiation energy ( −2 · day −1 ), slight stratification with occasional vertical mixing, and abundant algal nutrients.

TL;DR: Observations on wild populations of Gracilaria bursapastoris and G. coronopifolia showed significant differences in gametophyte: tetrasporophyte ratios from the expected 1: 1 ratio, and practical applications regarding seasonal cycles in the various reproductive stages and their differential growth rates are discussed.

TL;DR: Pseudocalanus minutus was able to obtain its minimum energy requirement during winter by filter-feeding, and growth was slowed at stages C-IV and C-V during winter with moulting to adult beginning immediately after a late winter increase in primary production.

TL;DR: The data suggest that ATP hydrolysis may be important in certain fluid-solid mixtures, and also adds experimental support to the thermal gradient hypothesis.

TL;DR: There are no significant differences in amphipod density with differences in wave exposure or turbidity, but standardized density is, however, higher in west coast than in east coast holdfasts and diversity is lower in turbid waters due to the increased dominance of a few species.

TL;DR: The phase relationship between the semilunar rhythm and the semi-monthly zeitgeber cycle is a population-specific property as demonstrated by stocks from two locations with different tidal schedules (Helgoland and Normandy).