Journal ArticleDOI
The colours and magnetic properties of hydrated iron group salts, and evidence for covalent bonding
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In this paper, the authors analyzed the optical absorption data of paramagnetic salts containing [M(H 2 O)$O)$\6}, M = 3d$n}, and showed that the orbital level separations given by the optical spectrum are smaller than those predicted from magnetic data.Abstract:
The typical colours of paramagnetic salts containing [M(H$\_{2}$O)$\_{6}$], M = 3d$^{n}$, complexes, are generally assumed to arise from optical transitions between the orbital energy levels of the 3d ion which are split by the crystalline electric field due to the surrounding water dipoles. The available optical absorption data are analyzed using this ionic model and the associated crystal field theory, and it is shown that while experiment and theory agree fairly well, there are systematic discrepancies. In addition, the orbital level separations given by the optical spectrum are found to be smaller than those predicted from magnetic data. It is shown how these discrepancies can be accounted for by introducing weak covalent bonds into the [M(H$\_{2}$O)$\_{6}$] complex, so that there is charge transfer between the paramagnetic ion and the attached water molecules.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Adiabatic Rate Processes at Electrodes. I. Energy-Charge Relationships
TL;DR: In this article, the role of the dielectric in determining the course of thermally activated reactions is discussed, and a general interpretation of the transfer coefficient and an account of the activation process in simple systems are given in terms of the distribution of electron charge density in the transition state; these are shown to be in good accord with experiment.
Book ChapterDOI
Theory of Magnetic Exchange Interactions:Exchange in Insulators and Semiconductors
TL;DR: In this paper, the subject of exchange in magnetic materials is divided into two parts, referring to insulators and to metals, and a discussion and a diagrammatic classification of all the possible higher-order processes are given.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamical Jahn-Teller Effect in Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra: Orbital Reduction Factors and Partial Quenching of Spin-Orbit Interaction
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the dynamical Jahn-Teller effect in a complex having orbital degeneracy may partially quench spin-orbit interaction, the orbital parts of the Zeeman and hyperfine interactions, and other orbital operators governing response to perturbations such as strain or applied electric fields.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paramagnetic Resonance II
K D Bowers,J Owen +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, paramagnetic resonance data are collected together for crystalline solids containing ions of the transition groups, and those parts of the theory necessary for an understanding of the results are presented in a fairly simple way.
Journal ArticleDOI
Covalent bonding and magnetic properties of transition metal ions
J Owen,J H M Thornley +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the wave functions of the magnetic electrons are considered first, the covalency being taken into account by admixing ligand s and p orbits into the central ion d orbits.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Valence Strength and the Magnetism of Complex Salts
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that alternative explanations are possible with (II) the crystalline potential model of Schlapp and Penney, or with (III) Mulliken's method of molecular orbitals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Crystalline Fields on the Susceptibilities of Salts of Paramagnetic Ions. II. The Iron Group, Especially Ni, Cr and Co
Robert Schlapp,William G. Penney +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the first and second order Zeeman effects were derived for the paramagnetic susceptibility of the iron group elements Ni, Cr and Co in a cubic magnetic field with a smaller rhombic term.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crystalline Field in Chrome Alum
TL;DR: In this article, a model of the surroundings of the Cr+++ ion is used to determine the crystalline field and the calculated Dq is in poor agreement with experimental values, from which it is inferred that the interaction between the CII ion and its surroundings is so strong that the LFA approximation is inadequate to give detailed agreement with experiment.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the theory of the paramagnetic anisotropy of some hydrated cupric salts
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that in K2Cu(SO4)2.5 aq, there are nearly tetragonal Cu++(H2O)6 clusters, and the splittings of the 2D-state are of the order 20,000 cm−1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paramagnetic Resonance and Covalent Bonding
J. Owen,K. W. H. Stevens +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that ammonium chloroiridate has a complex hyperfine structure consisting of many lines, of which sixteen equally spaced lines can be resolved in the most favorable directions, with overall separation of about 150 gauss.