Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Foot Strike Pattern on Achilles Tendon Load During Running
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TLDR
This study compared Achilles tendon loading parameters during barefoot running among females with different foot strike patterns using open-source computer muscle modeling software to provide dynamic simulations of running to show that peak Achilles tendon force occurred earlier in stance phase, which contributed to a 15% increase in average Achilles tendonloading rate among participants adopting a NRFS pattern.Abstract:
In this study we compared Achilles tendon loading parameters during barefoot running among females with different foot strike patterns using open-source computer muscle modeling software to provide dynamic simulations of running. Muscle forces of the gastrocnemius and soleus were estimated from experimental data collected in a motion capture laboratory during barefoot running for 11 runners utilizing a rearfoot strike (RFS) and 8 runners utilizing a non-RFS (NRFS) pattern. Our results show that peak Achilles tendon force occurred earlier in stance phase (p = 0.007), which contributed to a 15% increase in average Achilles tendon loading rate among participants adopting a NRFS pattern (p = 0.06). Stance time, step length, and the estimated number of steps per mile were similar between groups. However, runners with a NRFS pattern experienced 11% greater Achilles tendon impulse each step (p = 0.05) and nearly significantly greater Achilles tendon impulse per mile run (p = 0.06). This difference equates to an additional 47.7 body weights for each mile run with a NRFS pattern. Runners considering a NRFS pattern may want to account for these novel stressors and adapt training programs accordingly.read more
Citations
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The effects of gait retraining in runners with patellofemoral pain: A randomized trial.
Jenevieve L. Roper,Elizabeth M. Harding,Deborah Doerfler,James G. Dexter,Len Kravitz,Janet S. Dufek,Christine M. Mermier +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to determine whether gait retraining by modifying foot strike patterns from rearfoot strike to forefoot strike reduces patellofemoral pain and improves associated biomechanical measures, and whether the modification influences risk of ankle injuries.
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The Achilles tendon: fundamental properties and mechanisms governing healing.
TL;DR: Despite an abundance of clinical evidence suggesting that current treatments and rehabilitation strategies for Achilles tendon ruptures are equivocal, significant questions remain to fully elucidate the basic science mechanisms governing Achilles tendon injury, healing, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Proposed Return-to-Sport Program for Patients With Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: Rationale and Implementation
TL;DR: The aim of the return-to-sport program is to facilitate the decision-making process in returning an athlete with midportion Achilles tendinopathy back to full sport participation and to minimize the chances for recurrence of the injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of step length and landing pattern on patellofemoral joint kinetics during running.
TL;DR: To the extent that patellofemoral joint kinetics contribute to symptoms among runners, these running modifications may be advisable for runners with patell ofemoral pain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differences in muscle activity between natural forefoot and rearfoot strikers during running.
TL;DR: Significant differences were found in muscle activity in the tibialis anterior in FFS runners during terminal swing phase, compared to RFS runners, and the medial and lateral gastrocnemius showed significantly greater RMS activity in terminalswing phase in F FS runners.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
OpenSim: Open-Source Software to Create and Analyze Dynamic Simulations of Movement
Scott L. Delp,Frank C. Anderson,Allison S. Arnold,Peter Loan,Ayman Habib,Chand T. John,Eran Guendelman,Darryl G. Thelen +7 more
TL;DR: OpenSim is developed, a freely available, open-source software system that lets users develop models of musculoskeletal structures and create dynamic simulations of a wide variety of movements to simulate the dynamics of individuals with pathological gait and to explore the biomechanical effects of treatments.
Journal Article
Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control
TL;DR: Their integrated ability to generate force statically and dynamically is studied by formulating a generic model of the "musculotendon actuator", which has only one parameter, the ratio of tendon length at rest to muscle fiberlength at rest.
Journal ArticleDOI
An interactive graphics-based model of the lower extremity to study orthopaedic surgical procedures
TL;DR: A model is developed of the human lower extremity to study how changes in musculoskeletal geometry and musculotendon parameters affect muscle force and its moment about the joints and the joint moments calculated with the model compare well with experimentally measured isometric joint moments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners
Daniel E. Lieberman,Madhusudhan Venkadesan,William A. Werbel,Adam I. Daoud,Susan E. D’Andrea,Irene S. Davis,Robert Ojiambo Mang’Eni,Robert Ojiambo Mang’Eni,Yannis P. Pitsiladis,Yannis P. Pitsiladis +9 more
TL;DR: Kinematic and kinetic analyses show that even on hard surfaces, barefoot runners who fore-foot strike generate smaller collision forces than shod rear-foot strikers, and this difference results primarily from a more plantarflexed foot at landing and more ankle compliance during impact, decreasing the effective mass of the body that collides with the ground.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ground reaction forces in distance running
TL;DR: Ground reaction forces and center of pressure (C of P) patterns were studied in 17 subjects running at 4.5 ms −1 and the implications in the areas of running mechanics, shoe design and sports injury are discussed.