Journal ArticleDOI
The first eukaryotic cells — Acid hot-spring algae
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TLDR
In this article, the authors suggested placing these algae in progressively evolutionary steps: (Cyanidioschyzon → Cyanidium → Galdieria) based on various areas of research like biochemistry, amount of nuclear genome and shape of chloroplast nucleoid, ultrastructure and ecological aspects.Abstract:
The Cyanidiophyceae members (PreRhodophyta) may serve as a transitional algal group bridging the cyanobacteria and the unicellular Rhodophyta. This thermoacidic algal group is composed of three genera containing several species. We suggested placing these algae in progressively evolutionary steps: (Cyanidioschyzon → Cyanidium → Galdieria). This evolutional ladder is based upon various areas of research like biochemistry, amount of nuclear genome and shape of chloroplast nucleoid, ultrastructure and ecological aspects. The first alga —Cyanidioschyzon — is the cornerstone of this succession; it shows mixed features between cyanobacterium and archaebacteria(Thermoplasma-like cell). It demonstrates simple eukaryotic cellular features and has the smallest amount of nuclear and chloroplast DNA. The intermediate alga in this line,Cyanidium, is also a simple cell, but shows more progressive characterizations than theCyanidioschyzon. The third taxon,Galdieria, is already very close to the unicellular rhodophytes (red algae) and indicates typical advanced eukaryotic characterization. We propose thatCyanidioschyzon (considered to be the simplest eukaryote) may have evolved from an association betweenThermoplasma-like archaebacterium and a thermophilic cyanobacterium. Autogenous (non-symbiotic) compartmental steps may have taken place fromCyanidioschyzon toCyanidium and then toGaldieria, and from this alga (group) towards the other unicellular red algae.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microalgal Carotenoids: A Review of Production, Current Markets, Regulations, and Future Direction.
Lucie Novoveská,Michael E. Ross,Michele S. Stanley,Rémi Pradelles,Virginie Wasiolek,Jean-François Sassi +5 more
TL;DR: This review provides tools and a broad overview of the regulatory processes of carotenoid production from microalgae and other novel feedstocks for food/feed, nutraceutical and cosmetic industry in Europe, the USA, the People’s Republic of China, and Japan.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carotenoid biosynthesis in the primitive red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.
TL;DR: Lycopene β-ring cyclases from several bacteria, cyanobacteria, and land plants also proved to be high-fidelity enzymes, whereas the structurally related ε-ring cycling enzymes from several plant species were found to be less specific, yielding products with β-rings as well as δ-rings.
Book ChapterDOI
Oxygenic Photosynthetic Microorganisms in Extreme Environments
Joseph Seckbach,Aharon Oren +1 more
Book ChapterDOI
Acidophilic and Acidotolerant Algae
TL;DR: This chapter concentrates on acidophilic organisms, which by definition are those microbes which are able to grow at pH values smaller than 3, but are unable to thrive at neutral pH.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fatty acid biosynthesis in eukaryotic photosynthetic microalgae: Identification of a microsomal delta 12 desaturase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Xiaoyuan Chi,Xiaowen Zhang,Xiangyu Guan,Ling Ding,Youxun Li,Mingqing Wang,Hanzhi Lin,Song Qin +7 more
TL;DR: This study isolates the candidate enzyme from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with the highest similarity to the microsomal Δ12 desaturase of Chlorella vulgaris, and its function was verified by heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic meaning of the kingdom concept: an unusual ribosomal RNA from Giardia lamblia
TL;DR: Investigation of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S-like rRNA) from the protozoan Giardia lamblia provided a new perspective on the evolution of nucleated cells and challenged the phylogenetic significance of multiple eukaryotic kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early evolution and the origin of eukaryotes
TL;DR: In this review a novel model is presented which uses the rRNA and protein based phylogenies to describe the evolutionary origins of eukaryotes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Megascopic eukaryotic algae from the 2.1-billion-year-old negaunee iron-formation, Michigan.
Tsu-Ming Han,Bruce Runnegar +1 more
TL;DR: Hundreds of specimens of spirally coiled, megascopic, carbonaceous fossils resembling Grypania spiralis (Walcott), have been found in the 2.1-billion-year-old Negaunee Iron-Formation at the Empire Mine, near Marquette, Michigan, placing the origin of organelle-bearing eukaryotic cells prior to 2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origin and evolution of organisms as deduced from 5S ribosomal RNA sequences.
TL;DR: A phylogenetic tree of most of the major groups of organisms has been constructed from the 352 5S ribosomal RNA sequences now available, and suggests that there are several majorgroups of eubacteria that diverged during the early stages of their evolution.