Journal ArticleDOI
The formation of imperfections in epitaxial gold films
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In this paper, it was shown that dislocations arise mainly from the rotation and displacement misfits between neighbouring islands of the deposit film, and that stacking faults and microtwins are formed at the junction plane between some of the coalescing islands.Abstract:
Single crystal films of gold have been prepared by evaporation onto molybdenum disulphide inside an electron microscope. This technique has allowed direct and continuous observation, mainly by means of moir5 patterns, of the formation of lattice imperfections during film growth. It is shown that dislocations arise mainly from the rotation and displacement misfits between neighbouring islands of the deposit film, and that stacking faults and microtwins are formed at the junction plane between some of the coalescing islands. An analysis of these effects is given. One of the most significant results is that there is considerable annihilation and re-arrangement of the lattice imperfections during filni growth, particularly up to the stage of formation of a continuous hole-free film. The initial nuclei of the deposits are doubly positioned, and pronounced changes in orientation occur during and immediately following the coalescence of islands in different positions. This process occurs by the migratio...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The structure and orientation of crystals in deposits of metals on mica
J.G. Allpress,J.V. Sanders +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure and orientation of thin films of gold, palladium, and nickel were studied using electron microscopy at substrate temperatures between 100 and 500 degrees C. The growth of these crystals from nuclei is discussed and related to the high incidence of twinning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modified Wulff constructions for twinned particles
TL;DR: In this article, a modified form of the Wulff construction was used to derive theoretical shapes and total surface energies for twinned particles in face-centred materials, and two possible configurations were examined, an arrangement where the crystals are symmetric about the twin boundaries and an asymmetric configuration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural properties of the ZnSe/GaAs system grown by molecular-beam epitaxy
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural properties and relaxation of misfit stress with transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques were investigated, and good agreement was observed between microscopic and diffraction measurements of the relaxation phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the formation and interaction of small metal particles
TL;DR: The formation, growth and interaction of small metal particles (10-100 nm) produced by gas evaporation has been studied in this paper, where single metal atoms diffuse radially out from the gas source until they condense at a temperature of roughly 0.35-0.40 T m, where T m is the absolute melting temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells: SCAPS thickness simulation and analysis of optical properties
TL;DR: In this paper, the optical properties of a thin layer of Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) on CdTe thin films were analyzed by Swanepoel method using transmission spectra.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Kinematical Theory of Diffraction Contrast of Electron Transmission Microscope Images of Dislocations and other Defects
TL;DR: In this paper, a kinematical theory of electron microscope images of dislocations observed by transmission in thin crystalline foils is presented, showing that the contrast is essentially phase contrast in the Bragg diffracted beams, the phase differences being due to the displacements of the atoms from their positions in the ideally perfect crystal.
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The growth and structure of gold and silver deposits formed by evaporation inside an electron microscope
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-quantitative explanation of the liquid-like behavior of the initial metal nuclei is given in terms of the surface diffusion of the metal atoms over the metal islands, the driving force for the mass transfer being the associated reduction in surface energy.
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A direct determination of the anisotropy of the surface free energy of solid gold, silver, copper, nickel, and alpha and gamma iron
TL;DR: In this article, the surface free energy of all the f.c.c., b.c, and alpha-iron surfaces was analyzed and the effect of oxygen on the γ plots of a number of F.c.c. metals was established as deepening the {100} and {111} cusps.
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Electron microscopy and diffraction of twinned structures in evaporated films of gold
D. W. Pashley,M. J. Stowell +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that double diffraction is an adequate and likely explanation of the origin of the anomalous spots in polycrystalline diffraction pattings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Moire Patterns on Electron Micrographs, and their Application to the Study of Dislocations in Metals
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that both edge and screw dislocations in one of the metal lattices will give rise to terminating half-lines in the moire pattern, and the number of these terminating halflines has been deduced, for the f. c. system, for any general dislocation line.