Journal ArticleDOI
The free energy of deformation for vulcanized rubber
R. S. Rivlin,D. W. Saunders +1 more
TLDR
Load-deformation measurements on a number of natural rubber vulcanizates covering a wide range of hardness are reported in this paper, where the mean chain segment lengths obtained from swelling measurements are given.Abstract:
Load-deformation measurements on a number of natural rubber vulcanizates covering a wide range of hardness are reported. For each of the vulcanizates the mean chain segment lengths obtained from swelling measurements are given. The results are consistent with the free-energy of deformation W depending on the strain invariants I 1 and I 2 in such a way that ∂W/∂I 1 is a constant for each vulcanizate and has a value predictable from the kinetic theory, while ∂W/∂I 2 falls as I 2 increases, but is independent of the vulcanizate for each value of I 2.read more
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The non-linear field theories of mechanics
TL;DR: A theory aiming to describe their mechanical behavior must take heed of their deformability and represent the definite principles it obeys as mentioned in this paper, which is not the case in modern physics, since it concerns solely the small particles of matter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rupture of rubber. I. Characteristic energy for tearing
R. S. Rivlin,A. G. Thomas +1 more
TL;DR: The resistance to tearing of a rubber vulcanizate is usually determined by loading in a specified manner a test-piece of the vulcanizer of standard shape, in which a notch has been produced, either in the molding process or by cutting the testpiece in a standard fashion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Departures of the Elastic Behaviour of Rubbers in Simple Extension from the Kinetic Theory
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the equilibrium stress-strain behavior of highly swollen rubber vulcanizates in simple extension agrees with the predictions of the kinetic theory, and that the departures from these predictions which are found in dry or lightly swollen rubbers have been investigated and can be described in terms of a single parameter C 2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Finite strains and displacements of elastic membranes by the finite element method
J. T. Oden,T. Sato +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a continuous membrane is divided into a number of flat triangular elements, and the behavior of a typical element is described in terms of the displacements of its nodes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical studies of foamed reinforced rubber composites Part I. Mechanical properties of foamed ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer and nitrile–butadiene rubber composites
TL;DR: In this article, reinforced EPDM and nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) composites were combined with different concentrations of azodicarbonamide (ADC/K) foaming agent.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Large Elastic Deformations of Isotropic Materials. VII. Experiments on the Deformation of Rubber
R. S. Rivlin,D. W. Saunders +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the load-deformation curves obtained for certain simple types of deformation of vulcanized rubber test-pieces in terms of a single stored energy function can be interpreted on the basis of the theory of large elastic deformations of incompressible isotropic materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress-strain data for vulcanised rubber under various types of deformation
TL;DR: In this paper, stress-strain data were given for two types of vulcanized rubber: (1) an 8% S rubber and (2) a latex rubber, and the types of deformation studied were simple elongation, 2-dimensional extension, compression, pure shear, and combined elongation and shear.
Journal ArticleDOI
The interaction between rubber and liquids. IX. The elastic behaviour of dry and swollen rubbers
Journal ArticleDOI
The interaction between rubber and liquids. X. Some new experimental tests of a statistical thermodynamic theory of rubber-liquid systems
TL;DR: Experimental data are reported on the effects of vulcanization, extension, and temperature on the swelling of rubber as discussed by the authors, which reveal quantitative discrepancies which are important in discussions of two-phase equilibria.