The influence of sex and maturation on landing biomechanics: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury.
TLDR
For instance, this article found that females exhibit greater frontal plane moments at the knee (internal knee adductor moments or external knee abduction moments) and favor the use of the knee extensors over the hip extENSors to attenuate impact forces when compared with males.Abstract:
During landing and cutting, females exhibit greater frontal plane moments at the knee (internal knee adductor moments or external knee abduction moments) and favor the use of the knee extensors over the hip extensors to attenuate impact forces when compared with males. However, it is not known when this biomechanical profile emerges. The purpose of this study was to compare landing biomechanics between sexes across maturation levels. One hundred and nineteen male and female soccer players (9-22 years) participated. Subjects were grouped based on maturational development. Lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were obtained during a drop-land task. Dependent variables included the average internal knee adductor moment and sagittal plane knee/hip moment and energy absorption ratios during the deceleration phase of landing. When averaged across maturation levels, females demonstrated greater internal knee adductor moments (0.06±0.03 vs 0.01±0.02 N m/kg m; P<0.005), knee/hip extensor moment ratios (2.0±0.1 vs 1.4±0.1 N m/kg m; P<0.001) and knee/hip energy absorption ratios (2.9±0.1 vs 1.96±0.1 N m/kg m; P<0.001) compared with males. Higher knee adductor moments combined with disproportionate use of knee extensors relative to hip extensors observed in females reflect a biomechanical pattern that increases anterior cruciate ligament loading. This biomechanical strategy already was established in pre-pubertal female athletes.read more
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Growth at Adolescence.
TL;DR: This beautifully printed and well-illustrated stiff paperbacked volume is, and will for a few years yet remain, an invaluable companion to a full-scale textbook on congenital heart disease.
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Predictors of Frontal Plane Knee Moments During Side-Step Cutting to 45 and 110 Degrees in Men and Women: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
TL;DR: Knee valgus moments were greater when cutting to 110 degrees compared with 45 degrees, and females exhibited greater moments than males, and reducing vertical and shear GRFs during cutting maneuvers may reduce knee valgUS moments and thereby potentially reduce risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury.
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Joint and segmental mechanics differ between cutting maneuvers in skilled athletes.
TL;DR: Lower limb and trunk kinematics and kinetics were evaluated during the execution of two sidestep cutting maneuvers in twenty-five healthy soccer players to determine how joint and segmental mechanics change to meet increasing deceleration and redirection demands during cutting.
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Influence of sex and maturation on knee mechanics during side-step cutting
TL;DR: Biomechanical differences between males and females were evident across all stages of maturation, and less mature athletes exhibit biomechanical patterns during cutting that may place them at greater risk for injury than their more mature counterparts.
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Improvements in Hip Muscle Performance Result in Increased Use of the Hip Extensors and Abductors During a Landing Task
TL;DR: Changes in lower extremity biomechanics consistent with decreased risk for ACL injury were observed after participation in a hip-focused training program, suggesting that ACL injury prevention programs targeting hip muscle performance may be important in mitigating biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury in women.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biomechanical Measures of Neuromuscular Control and Valgus Loading of the Knee Predict Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk in Female Athletes A Prospective Study
Timothy E. Hewett,Timothy E. Hewett,Gregory D. Myer,Kevin R. Ford,Robert S. Heidt,Angelo J. Colosimo,Scott G. McLean,Antonie J. van den Bogert,Mark V. Paterno,Paul Succop +9 more
TL;DR: Knee motion and knee loading during a landing task are predictors of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes and may help develop simpler measures of neuromuscular control that can be used to direct female athletes to more effective, targeted interventions.
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Valgus knee motion during landing in high school female and male basketball players.
TL;DR: The absence of dynamic knee joint stability may be responsible for increased rates of knee injury in females but is not normally measured in athletes before participation, no method for accurate and practical screening and identification of athletes at increased risk of ACL injury is currently available.
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Understanding and Preventing Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries A Review of the Hunt Valley II Meeting, January 2005
Letha Y. Griffin,Marjorie J. Albohm,Elizabeth A. Arendt,Roald Bahr,Bruce D. Beynnon,Marlene DeMaio,Randall W. Dick,Lars Engebretsen,William E. Garrett,Jo A. Hannafin,Timothy E. Hewett,Laura J. Huston,Mary Lloyd Ireland,Robert J. Johnson,Scott M. Lephart,Bert R. Mandelbaum,Barton J. Mann,Paul Marks,Stephen W. Marshall,Grethe Myklebust,Frank R. Noyes,Christopher M. Powers,Clarence L. Shields,Sandra J. Shultz,Holly J. Silvers,James R. Slauterbeck,Dean C. Taylor,Carol C. Teitz,Edward M. Wojtys,Bing Yu +29 more
TL;DR: A group of physicians, physical therapists, athletic trainers, biomechanists, epidemiologists, and other scientists interested in this area of research met to review current knowledge on risk factors associated with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association Basketball and Soccer A 13-Year Review
TL;DR: The rate of anterior cruciate ligament injury, regardless of mechanism of injury, continues to be significantly higher for female collegiate athletes than for male collegiate athletes in both soccer and basketball.
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A comparison of knee joint motion patterns between men and women in selected athletic tasks.
TL;DR: Women on average may have certain motor control strategies that may alter their knee motion patterns that may contribute to the increased anterior cruciate ligament injury rate among women, according to a comparison between men and women recreational athletes.