The Loss of Sadness: How Psychiatry Transformed Normal Sorrow into Depressive Disorder

TLDR: The concept of depression has been studied from ancient times through the nineteenth century as discussed by the authors, and depression in the twentieth century has been classified as depression with and without cause in the DSM-IV and DSM-III.

Abstract: 1 The concept of depression 2 The anatomy of normal sadness 3 Sadness with and without cause: depression from ancient times through the nineteenth century 4 Depression in the twentieth century 5 Depression in the DSM-IV 6 Importing pathology into the community 7 The surveillance of sadness 8 The DSM and biological research about depression 9 The rise of antidepressant drug treatments 10 The failure of the social sciences to distinguish sadness from depressive disorder 11 Conclusion