Proceedings ArticleDOI
The measured and predicted electromagnetic environment at urban hospitals
P. Vlach,B. Segal,T. Pavlasek +2 more
- pp 4-7
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TLDR
Although measured fields generally remained below 3 V/m, EMI still caused medical equipment malfunctions at the five hospitals, and the line-of-sight prediction method provided a worst-case estimate of the electromagnetic environmental hazard.Abstract:
The need for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is crucial in health care environments, since electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects on critical care medical equipment may be life-threatening. Field strength measurements, made inside and outside five Montreal hospitals at frequencies between 30-1000 MHz, were compared to fields predicted using line-of-sight, and hybrid methods. Although measured fields generally remained below 3 V/m, EMI still caused medical equipment malfunctions at the five hospitals. The line-of-sight prediction method provided a worst-case estimate of the electromagnetic environmental hazard, predicting outside fields to within 20 dB of those measured. The hybrid method predicted fields to within 10 dB.read more
Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI
Measurements and simulation of radio frequency impulsive noise in hospitals and clinics
TL;DR: In this article, a receiver system was developed to measure the time-varying nature of such "impulsive noise" in the 450 MHz band, and extensive measurements were made in hospitals and clinics across the United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics of impulsive noise in the 450-MHz band in hospitals and clinics
TL;DR: Extensive measurements were taken at three hospitals and three clinics in three major urban areas across the United States and empirical models are provided for the amplitude, interarrival time, and duration distributions of observed impulsive noise events.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Characterization of the 2.4 GHz ISM band electromagnetic interference in a hospital environment
S. Krishnamoorthy,Jeffrey H. Reed,Christopher R. Anderson,P. Max Robert,Srikathyayani Srikanteswara +4 more
TL;DR: These measurements are considered to be very first effort to characterize the entire 2.4 GHz ISM band in hospitals, andphasis was given to critical locations such as emergency rooms, intensive care units, surgery blocks, and radiology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interference to medical equipment from mobile phones.
TL;DR: None of the equipment irradiated was affected by fields that could be produced at over one metre from a 2 W mobile phone, and two (an oximeter and a syringe pump) were immune to electric fields of up to 40 V m-1.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
The electromagnetic environment due to portable sources in a typical hospital room
TL;DR: In this article, the electromagnetic environment, due to portable sources, inside a typical Montreal area hospital room, was measured in the 148-174 MHz, 425-480 MHz and 825-850 MHz ranges over a period of 24 hours.
References
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Book
Antenna theory and design
TL;DR: The CEM for Antennas: Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTDM) as mentioned in this paper is a CEM-based method for measuring the time domain of an antenna.
Journal ArticleDOI
A uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in a perfectly conducting surface
R.G. Kouyoumjian,P.H. Pathak +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a compact dyadic diffraction coefficient for electromagnetic waves obliquely incident on a curved edse formed by perfectly conducting curved plane surfaces is obtained, which is based on Keller's method of the canonical problem, which in this case is the perfectly conducting wedge illuminated by cylindrical, conical, and spherical waves.
Book
Measuring the radio frequency environment
Edward N. Skomal,Albert A. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling study of the relationship between Radio Frequency Measurements and Propagation Processes, and the Environment, and some of the mechanisms behind this relationship have been described.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Preliminary survey of the electromagnetic interference environment in hospitals
TL;DR: In this article, electric field levels were predicted using a free-space propagation model, and then measured in three major hospitals in downtown Montreal using industry-standard techniques and novel broadband, omnidirectional, triaxial, electrically small (BOTES) techniques.