The physical activity paradox: six reasons why occupational physical activity (OPA) does not confer the cardiovascular health benefits that leisure time physical activity does
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TLDR
The so-called PA health paradox, where workers in many occupations, such as construction, cleaning, refuse collection, elderly care, farming and manufacturing, are physically active for large parts of their working days, for most of the year, but have relatively poor health.Abstract:
Physical activity (PA) is well documented to improve health. However, this documentation is restricted to leisure time physical activity (LTPA; eg, sports, recreation and transportation). Increasing evidence shows that occupational physical activity (OPA) does not improve health.1 Actually, OPA can be detrimental. These contrasting health effects of LTPA and OPA constitute the so-called PA health paradox.2
For a considerable fraction of the adult population, work constitutes the main setting for PA. Workers in many occupations, such as construction, cleaning, refuse collection, elderly care, farming and manufacturing, are physically active for large parts of their working days, for most of the year. Despite this PA at work, these and other manual workers have relatively poor health.
Many epidemiological studies document that high OPA increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality outcomes, even after extensive adjustments for other risk factors including socioeconomic status, LTPA and other health behaviours.1 This increased risk from high OPA has been shown to be particularly pronounced among workers with low job resources, low cardiorespiratory fitness3 or pre-existing …read more
Citations
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Do highly physically active workers die early? A systematic review with meta-analysis of data from 193 696 participants
Pieter Coenen,Pieter Coenen,Maaike A. Huysmans,Andreas Holtermann,Niklas Krause,Willem van Mechelen,Leon Straker,Allard J. van der Beek +7 more
TL;DR: The results of this review indicate detrimental health consequences associated with high level occupational physical activity in men, even when adjusting for relevant factors (such as leisure timePhysical activity guidelines may differentiate between occupational and leisure time physical activity.
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Towards better evidence-informed global action: lessons learnt from the Lancet series and recent developments in physical activity and public health.
Ding Ding,Andrea Ramirez Varela,Adrian Bauman,Ulf Ekelund,I-Min Lee,Gregory W. Heath,Peter T. Katzmarzyk,Rodrigo Siqueira Reis,Michael Pratt +8 more
TL;DR: A global summary on the progress of, gaps in and future directions for physical activity research in the following areas are provided: surveillance and trends, correlates and determinants, health outcomes and interventions, programmes and policies.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that higher leisure time physical activity associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, while higher occupational physical activity associates with increased risks, independent of each other.
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Device-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic health and fitness across occupational groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Stephanie A. Prince,Stephanie A. Prince,Cara G. Elliott,Kyle Scott,Sarah Visintini,Jennifer L. Reed +5 more
TL;DR: It is identified that occupational and wakeful time PA and ST differed between occupations and future studies are needed to assess whether patterns differ by age and sex, describe leisure-time movement and movement patterns, and the relationship with cardiometabolic health.
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Education-related disparities in reported physical activity during leisure-time, active transportation, and work among US adults: repeated cross-sectional analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007 to 2016.
Shaun Scholes,David Bann +1 more
TL;DR: Education-related disparities in physical activity persisted from 2007 to 2016 and the results suggest that understanding and addressing these disparities requires assessment of their multiple domains, and identification of the demographic sub-groups for which the disparities are more or less pronounced.
References
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TL;DR: Exercise produces a short-term, inflammatory response, whereas both cross-sectional comparisons and longitudinal exercise training studies demonstrate a long-term "anti-inflammatory" effect, which may contribute to the beneficial effects of habitual physical activity.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a 30-year follow-up of the Copenhagen Male Study of 5249 employed men aged 40-59 years was carried out and the authors found that men with low and medium physical fitness have an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality if exposed to high physical work demands.
Physical demands at work, physical fitness, and 30-year ischaemic heart disease and all-cause mortality in the
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