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The Propagation of Radio Waves: The Theory of Radio Waves of Low Power in the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere

K. G. Budden
TLDR
In this article, the authors present a course book on radio propagation for students of physics or electrical engineering or mathematics, with a focus on the ionosphere and magnetosphere and the theory of their effect on radio waves.
Abstract
This book is concerned with the ionosphere and the magnetosphere, and the theory of their effect on radio waves. It includes accounts of some mathematical topics now widely used in this study, particularly W. K. B. approximations, Airy integral functions and integration by steepest descents. The subject is divided into ray theory and full wave theory. Ray theory is useful for high frequencies when the ionosphere is treated as a horizonally stratified medium. The discussion of the magnetosphere, whose structure is more complicated, includes an account of whistlers and ion cyclotron whistlers. The book has been planned both for final year undergraduates and as a reference book for research. It is suitable as a course book on radio propagation for students of physics or electrical engineering or mathematics. Some of the topics are presented from an elementary viewpoint so as to help undergraduates new to the subject. The later parts are more advanced. Because the subject is so large and has seen many important recent advances, some topics have had to be treated briefly, but there is a full bibliography with about 600 references.

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Nonlinear wave collapse and strong turbulence

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The electron–cyclotron maser for astrophysical application

TL;DR: The electron-cyclotron maser is a process that generates coherent radiation from plasma as mentioned in this paper, and it has gained increasing attention as a dominant mechanism of producing high-power radiation in natural high-temperature magnetized plasmas.
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SMM analysis of reflection, absorption, and transmission from nonuniform magnetized plasma slab

TL;DR: In this paper, the scattering matrix method (SMM) was proposed to obtain a complete set of reflection, absorption, and transmission coefficients for a stratified plasma slab, where each subslab has a fixed electron density and the overall density profile across the whole slab follows any practical distribution function.
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Higher order ionospheric effects in precise GNSS positioning

TL;DR: In this article, a simple formula has been derived for GNSS users in Germany to quantify the second-order residual effect, and a proposed correction algorithm reduces the secondorder effects to a residual error of fractions of 1 mm up to 2 mm at a vertical total electron content level of 1018 electrons/m2, depending on satellite azimuth and elevation angles.
Journal ArticleDOI

Total Electron Content Estimation with Reg‐Est

TL;DR: In this article, the Reg-Est algorithm was investigated in detail in terms of its parameters and further developed further to include improvements, and the best weighting function to reduce the multipath effects and to minimize the non-ionospheric noise was selected.