Journal ArticleDOI
Timed and Untimed Grammaticality Judgments Measure Distinct Types of Knowledge: Evidence from Eye-Movement Patterns.
TLDR
The authors used eye-tracking to compare the results of timed and untimed grammaticality judgment tests in R. Ellis (2005) and non-native English speakers with and without time pressure, and found that time pressure suppressed regressions in nonnative speakers only.Abstract:
Grammaticality judgment tests (GJTs) have been used to elicit data reflecting second language (L2) speakers’ knowledge of L2 grammar. However, the exact constructs measured by GJTs, whether primarily implicit or explicit knowledge, are disputed and have been argued to differ depending on test-related variables (i.e., time pressure and item grammaticality).Using eye-tracking, this study replicates the GJT results in R. Ellis (2005). Twenty native and 40 nonnative English speakers judged sentences with and without time pressure. Analyses revealed that time pressure suppressed regressions (right-to-left eye movements) in nonnative speakers only. Conversely, both groups regressed more on untimed, grammatical items. These findings suggest that timed and untimed GJTs measure different constructs, which could correspond to implicit and explicit knowledge, respectively. In particular, they point to a difference in the levels of automatic and controlled processing involved in responding to the timed and untimed tests. Furthermore, untimed grammatical items may induce GJT-specific task effects.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pupillometry in Linguistic Research: An Introduction and Review for Second Language Researchers.
TL;DR: The authors introduced researchers in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) to pupillometry and discussed things to consider when designing an experiment, and how pupil data can be analyzed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Five Common Pitfalls in Eye-Tracking Research.
Aline Godfroid,Bronson Hui +1 more
TL;DR: This work presents five pitfalls in eye-tracking research that may threaten the internal or external validity of the study, and offers concrete recommendations to avoid each pitfall and demonstrates how these recommendations can be implemented so researchers may take full advantage of the opportunities of eye- tracking research.
Investigating implicit and explicit processing using L2 learners' eye-movement data
Aline Godfroid,Paula Winke +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter reviews eye-tracking methodology as a way to investigate aspects of implicit and explicit L2 processing, given that the research context allows one to do so and recommends that researchers triangulate their eye-movement data with offline or other online measures to provide more nuanced insights into the nature and effects of L2 learners’ processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of (un)awareness in SLA
Ronald P. Leow,Lucia Donatelli +1 more
TL;DR: This article provided a timeline on the role of awareness or lack thereof in second/foreign language (L2) learning, from a psycholinguistic perspective, and provided a broad perspective on the research that addresses the role and importance of awareness in L2 learning.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing the effectiveness of interactional feedback for L2 acquisition: Issues and challenges
TL;DR: The authors provide a brief overview of the recent studies examining interactional feedback, with a focus on how its effectiveness has been assessed and provide some recommendations to inform future research in this area.
References
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Orienting of attention
TL;DR: This paper explores one aspect of cognition through the use of a simple model task in which human subjects are asked to commit attention to a position in visual space other than fixation by orienting a covert mechanism that seems sufficiently time locked to external events that its trajectory can be traced across the visual field in terms of momentary changes in the efficiency of detecting stimuli.
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Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.
TL;DR: Tested the 2-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by the current authors (1977) in a series of experiments and demonstrated the qualitative difference between 2 modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search.