Journal ArticleDOI
Timed and Untimed Grammaticality Judgments Measure Distinct Types of Knowledge: Evidence from Eye-Movement Patterns.
TLDR
The authors used eye-tracking to compare the results of timed and untimed grammaticality judgment tests in R. Ellis (2005) and non-native English speakers with and without time pressure, and found that time pressure suppressed regressions in nonnative speakers only.Abstract:
Grammaticality judgment tests (GJTs) have been used to elicit data reflecting second language (L2) speakers’ knowledge of L2 grammar. However, the exact constructs measured by GJTs, whether primarily implicit or explicit knowledge, are disputed and have been argued to differ depending on test-related variables (i.e., time pressure and item grammaticality).Using eye-tracking, this study replicates the GJT results in R. Ellis (2005). Twenty native and 40 nonnative English speakers judged sentences with and without time pressure. Analyses revealed that time pressure suppressed regressions (right-to-left eye movements) in nonnative speakers only. Conversely, both groups regressed more on untimed, grammatical items. These findings suggest that timed and untimed GJTs measure different constructs, which could correspond to implicit and explicit knowledge, respectively. In particular, they point to a difference in the levels of automatic and controlled processing involved in responding to the timed and untimed tests. Furthermore, untimed grammatical items may induce GJT-specific task effects.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
What second-language speakers can tell us about pragmatic processing
Ahmed M. Khorsheed,Sabariah Md Rashid,Vahid Nimehchisalem,Lee Geok Imm,Jessica Price,Camilo Rodriguez Ronderos +5 more
TL;DR: This paper investigated scalar implicature processing among L2 speakers of English and the degree to which differences in L2 proficiency and Theory of Mind abilities would modulate pragmatic responding, finding that socially inclined participants are more likely than the socially disinclined to derive a scalar inference.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond accuracy: Heritage speakers’ performance on two kinds of acceptability judgment tasks
Eve Zyzik,Ruben A. Sanchez +1 more
TL;DR: The authors examined the performance of heritage speakers (HSs) on two types of acceptability judgment tasks (AJTs) as well as their corresponding confidence ratings, finding that confidence ratings on both tasks were very high overall, and there was a significant relationship between accuracy and confidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Online processing and offline judgments of L2-English articles
TL;DR: SPRT results indicate that L1-Korean speakers exhibited targetlike online sensitivity to (in)appropriate use of articles, which provides evidence against the claim that L2-specific morphosyntactic structures cannot be utilized during online comprehension.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eye movements in implicit artificial grammar learning.
TL;DR: The findings show that the outcomes of implicit structured sequence learning can be characterized in eye tracking, and the link between artificial and natural syntax processing is strengthened, and light is shed on the factors that determine performance differences in preference and grammaticality classification tests.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Do productive skills of language enhance learners’ cognitive ability? : an experimental study of soft clil to technology majors
Chizuko Aiba,Junji Izumi +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the output tasks are considered to be effective in helping learners' cognition with the target language and UBM (Usage-based model) supports this idea as learners can use the language more in the output task to explain and illustrate what they are paying attention to.
References
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