Journal ArticleDOI
Tornado-induced wind loads on a low-rise building
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TLDR
In this article, transient wind loads on a one-story, gable-roofed building in a laboratory-simulated tornado and compares them with the provisions of building standards are presented.Abstract:
Current design wind loads for buildings and other structures are based upon model tests in low-speed boundary-layer wind tunnels that generate straight-line winds. Winds resulting from tornadoes that can occur during extreme weather events such as thunderstorms or hurricanes differ greatly from conventionally conceived atmospheric boundary-layer winds. This paper presents transient wind loads on a one-story, gable-roofed building in a laboratory-simulated tornado and compares them with the provisions of building standards. Tornadoes were simulated in smooth, open terrain with vortex core diameters from roughly five to twelve times the plan dimension of the building model (0.46 to 1.06 m). A 1:100 scale model of a building with dimensions of 9.1 m×9.1 m×6.6 m and gable roof angle of 35° was used for this study. Comparisons of peak loads measured in this study showed that tornado-like vortices can generate load coefficients greater than those prescribed by ASCE 7-05 for straight-line wind over open terrain....read more
Citations
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In Situ, Doppler Radar, and Video Observations of the Interior Structure of a Tornado and the Wind–Damage Relationship
TL;DR: In this article, the structure of the near-ground three-dimensional wind field in and around the core region of a strong tornado was analyzed with an instrumented armored vehicle, the Tornado Intercept Vehicle (TIV), and integrated with finescale mobile Doppler radar (Doppler on Wheels) data.
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Reproducing tornadoes in laboratory using proper scaling
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of the most recent experimental simulations of tornado vortices performed in the model WindEEE Dome (MWD) are analyzed and then compared with the full-scale data.
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Making the Case for Improved Structural Design: Tornado Outbreaks of 2011
David O. Prevatt,John W. van de Lindt,Edward Back,Andrew J. Graettinger,Shiling Pei,William Coulbourne,Rakesh Gupta,Darryl L. James,Duzgun Agdas +8 more
TL;DR: The authors in this article examined observations by tornado damage assessment teams led by the first author in these two medium-sized cities and suggested that the evolution of building codes and past approaches to construction have led to conditions that made this extent of damage possible.
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Dual-Objective-Based Tornado Design Philosophy
John W. van de Lindt,Shiling Pei,Thang N. Dao,Andrew J. Graettinger,David O. Prevatt,Rakesh Gupta,William Coulbourne +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-objective design concept was proposed to focus on both building damage and loss reduction in low to moderate tornado wind speeds and building occupant life safety in more damaging wind-sp...
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An experimental study of a high-rise building model in tornado-like winds
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to quantify the characteristics of wake vortex and flow structures around a high-rise building model as well as the resultant wind loads acting on the test model in tornado-like winds.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Exploration of Certain Features of Tornado Dynamics Using a Laboratory Model
TL;DR: In this paper, three characteristic features of tornadoes are simulated in a laboratory system and the associated flow is observed and discussed, including a characteristic surface pressure profile, a bulging deformation on the vortex core, and multiple vortices in a single convergence system.
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Characteristics of Tornado-Like Vortices as a Function of Swirl Ratio: A Laboratory Investigation
TL;DR: In this article, a laboratory simulator of the Ward type has been constructed to generate various vortex configurations as a function of swirl ratio, radial Reynolds number and aspect ratio, including a single laminar vortex, a single vortex with breakdown bubble separating the upper turbulent region from the lower Laminar region, and a fully developed turbulent core, where the breakdown bubble penetrates to the bottom of the experimental chamber.
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Non-supercell Tornadoes
TL;DR: In this paper, a total of 27 visual vortices were studied and they appeared to form as shear instabilities along radar detected convergence lines, and then they became colocated with the updraft of a rapidly developing storm.
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Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment: VORTEX
Erik N. Rasmussen,Jerry M. Straka,Robert Davies-Jones,Charles A. Doswell,Frederick H. Carr,Michael D. Eilts,Donald R. MacGorman +6 more
TL;DR: The Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment as mentioned in this paper evaluated a set of hypotheses pertaining to tornadogenesis and tornado dynamics, including the WSR-88D Doppler radars, demonstration wind profiler network, and National Weather Service rawinsondes.
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Hook Echoes and Rear-Flank Downdrafts: A Review
TL;DR: In this article, nearly 50 years of observations of hook echoes and their associated rear-flank downdrafts (RFDs) are reviewed and relevant theoretical and numerical simulation results also are discussed.